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久坐行为和体力活动对糖尿病的影响研究进展

陈琦, 李传芬, 荆文^*

山东师范大学体育学院，济南 250399

摘要

糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM)已成为当前最严重和最常见的慢性病之一，可引发多种并发症，缩短人们的预期寿命；而久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)增加和体力活动(physical activity, PA)减少是DM患病率上升的重要原因。本文综述了DM发病机制、SB和PA对DM患病风险影响的研究进展，旨在探究不同PA强度、量、频率、时间和方式对DM患病率的影响。研究表明，随着SB时间的延长，人体血糖水平呈现升高趋势；在一定范围内，PA强度和PA量与DM患病风险呈负相关；每周进行3 天以上的PA可以维持正常的葡萄糖耐量、降低血压；每周进行150~300 min 的中等强度运动或75~150 min 高强度运动能够降低DM患病风险；闲暇时的PA可降低DM患病风险，工作时的PA则会增加DM患病风险；有氧训练和抗阻训练都能对DM患病风险起到降低作用，且两者结合的训练方式产生的效益会更好；骑车、足球、健美操、瑜伽、太极等不同运动项目都能降低DM患病风险。总之，长时间SB会导致DM患病风险上升，而合适的PA可降低DM患病风险，并且随着PA强度、量、频率的增加，DM患病风险降低效果愈加明显，不同的运动方式对DM患病风险降低作用不同。

关键词： 久坐行为; 体力活动; 糖尿病; 运动康复; 健康促进

Research progress on the effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on diabetes mellitus

CHEN Qi, LI Chuan-Fen, JING Wen^*

College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250399, China

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world, leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy. Increased sedentary behavior (SB) and decreased physical activity (PA) are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM. This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM, the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM, aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities, amounts, frequencies, durations and types on the incidence of DM. Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB. Within a certain range, PA intensity and amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM; Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure; Engaging in 150-300 min of moderate-intensity exercise or 75-150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM; PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM, while PA during work increases the risk of DM; Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM, and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits; Various types of exercises, such as cycling, soccer, aerobics, yoga and tai chi, all reduce the risk of DM. In summary, prolonged SB increases the risk of DM, while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM. As the intensity, amount, and frequency of PA increase, the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant. Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.

Key words: sedentary behavior; physical activity; diabetes mellitus; sports rehabilitation; health promotion

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：荆文　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2024.0065

引用本文：

陈琦, 李传芬, 荆文. 久坐行为和体力活动对糖尿病的影响研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (1): 62-74.

CHEN Qi, LI Chuan-Fen, JING Wen. Research progress on the effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on diabetes mellitus. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (1): 62-74