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线粒体动力学及线粒体自噬调控机制的研究进展

程婧, 魏林, 李苗^*

河北医科大学免疫学教研室；河北省重大疾病免疫机制及干预重点实验室，石家庄 050000

摘要

线粒体形态和功能的异常与多种疾病的发生密切相关。线粒体通过不断的分裂和融合，维持线粒体网络的动态平衡，该过程称为线粒体动力学，是维持线粒体形态、分布和数量，保证细胞稳态的重要基础。此外，机体还通过线粒体自噬过程降解胞内功能异常的线粒体，维持线粒体稳态。线粒体动力学与线粒体自噬二者之间可相互调控，共同维持线粒体质量平衡。探讨线粒体动力学和线粒体自噬的调控机制对揭示多种疾病发生的分子机制、开发新的靶向线粒体动力学蛋白或线粒体自噬调控蛋白的药物具有重要意义。本文从线粒体动力学与线粒体自噬出发，对线粒体动力学调控机制、线粒体自噬及其发生机制以及二者的相互作用关系、线粒体动力学及线粒体自噬与人类相关疾病等方面作一综述。

关键词： 线粒体动态平衡; 线粒体自噬; 线粒体动力学; 调控机制

分类号：R392

Progress in regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy

CHENG Jing, WEI Lin, LI Miao^*

Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention of Major Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

Abstract

The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Mitochondrialfusion-fission dynamics are critical to maintain normal morphology, distribution and quantity of mitochondria, and ensurethe normal activity of cells. In addition, mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrialquality by degrading aging or damaged mitochondria. Many previous studies showed that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy canregulate each other to sustain mitochondrial network homeostasis. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics andmitophagy is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanism of various diseases and for the development of new drugstargeting mitochondrial dynamics proteins or mitophagy regulatory proteins. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dynamicsand mitophagy in mitochondrial quality control, regulatory mechanism, the interplay between those two processes, and their roles inhuman-related diseases.

Key words: mitochondrial homeostasis; mitophagy; mitochondrial dynamics; regulation mechanisms

收稿日期：2019-06-17　　录用日期：2019-12-16

通讯作者：李苗　　E-mail: lmiao0214@163.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0025

引用本文：

程婧, 魏林, 李苗. 线粒体动力学及线粒体自噬调控机制的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (4): 475-487.

CHENG Jing, WEI Lin, LI Miao. Progress in regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (4): 475-487 (in Chinese with English abstract).