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血脑屏障的研究进展

许兵^*, 张俞, 杜久林

中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所，中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心，神经科学国家重点实验室，上海 200031

摘要

血脑屏障精密控制血液与脑组织的物质交换，对维持脑内微环境的稳定至关重要。血脑屏障是脑内的毛细血管内皮细胞彼此紧密相连，同时与周围的周细胞和星形胶质细胞相互作用形成的屏障系统。组成血脑屏障的细胞通过表达紧密和黏附连接蛋白、转运体、及相关信号分子，调节血脑屏障的发育和功能。神经元和小胶质细胞在生理和病理状态下也参与血脑屏障的功能调节。近年来研究显示，多种神经系统疾病的发生与发展，都伴随着血脑屏障结构和功能的破坏。因此，对血脑屏障的研究，将深化对神经-血管相互作用的认识，为神经系统疾病的诊疗提供重要的理论依据。本文概要总结血脑屏障的研究现状和进展，并对未来发展作出展望。

关键词： 血脑屏障; 血管内皮细胞; 周细胞; 星形胶质细胞; 神经元; 神经系统疾病

Progress in the study of the blood-brain barrier

XU Bing^*, ZHANG Yu, DU Jiu-Lin

Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

Abstract

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) precisely controls the material exchange between the blood and brain tissue, and plays a critical role in the maintenance of brain microenvironment homeostasis. Brain microvascular endothelial cells connect tightly with each other and intertwine with surrounding pericytes and astrocytes to form the BBB. These cells regulate the development and function of the BBB through expressing tight and adherens junction proteins, transporters, and relevant signal molecules. Neurons and microglia can also regulate the function of BBB in physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies indicate that the occurrence and progress
of various neurological diseases are accompanied with structural and functional impairment of the BBB. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying BBB development and function will further benefit our understanding of neurovascular interaction and provide an important theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the progress of BBB research.

Key words: blood-brain barrier; vascular endothelial cell; pericyte; astrocyte; neuron; neurological diseases

收稿日期：2015-12-10　　录用日期：2016-02-26

通讯作者：许兵　　E-mail: xubing@ion.ac.cn

引用本文：

许兵, 张俞, 杜久林. 血脑屏障的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2016; 68 (3): 306-322.

XU Bing, ZHANG Yu, DU Jiu-Lin. Progress in the study of the blood-brain barrier. Acta Physiol Sin 2016; 68 (3): 306-322 (in Chinese with English abstract).