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视觉选择性注意的神经机制

黄玲, 李梦莎, 王丽娟, 张喜淋^*

华南师范大学心理学院，广州 510631

摘要

大脑信息加工容量的有限性使得个体每时每刻均只能选择少部分信息输入进行有效加工，这主要源于注意选择，即选择性注意。选择性注意是指个体对复杂外部环境中的少量信息进行优先加工的认知过程。关于选择性注意的研究存在两个核心问题：一是注意选择的是什么？根据注意选择的目标或对象，选择性注意可分为基于空间、特征和客体的注意。二是注意选择如何产生？根据注意选择产生的方向，选择性注意可分为自上而下和自下而上注意。本文围绕上述两个核心问题，系统地探讨视觉选择性注意的神经机制。

关键词： 基于空间的注意; 基于特征的注意; 基于客体的注意; 自上而下注意; 自下而上注意

分类号：Q427;B84

Neural mechanisms of visual selective attention

HUANG Ling, LI Meng-Sha, WANG Li-Juan, ZHANG Xi-Lin^*

School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Abstract

Because of a limited capacity of information processing in the brain, the efficient processing of visual information requires selecting only a very small fraction of visual inputs at any given moment in time. Attention is the main mechanism that controls this selection process, namely selective attention. Selective attention is the mechanism by which the subset of incoming information is preferentially processed from the complex external environment. Research on selective attention has two key issues. One is what targets (inputs) are selected by attention. There are three different types of selective attention according to its selected target: space-based, feature-based, and object-based attention. Another issue is how selective attention is generated. There are two different types of selective attention according to its generating source: top-down and bottom-up attention. In this review, these two issues are introduced to systematically discuss the neural mechanism of visual selective attention.

Key words: space-based attention; feature-based attention; object-based attention; top-down attention; bottom-up attention

收稿日期：2018-06-15　　录用日期：2019-01-17

通讯作者：张喜淋　　E-mail: xlzhang@m.scnu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0005

引用本文：

黄玲, 李梦莎, 王丽娟, 张喜淋. 视觉选择性注意的神经机制[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 11-21.

HUANG Ling, LI Meng-Sha, WANG Li-Juan, ZHANG Xi-Lin. Neural mechanisms of visual selective attention. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 11-21 (in Chinese with English abstract).