当期文章

中国生理学教材的历史沿革

冯研¹, 翟霄¹, 王馨¹, 杨峰¹, 朱亮², 孙国超², 王宁³, 张俊⁴, 肖晶⁵, 刘薇薇¹, 管又飞^3,*

¹大连医科大学图书馆，大连 116044；²大连医科大学基础医学院，大连 116044；³大连医科大学医学科学研究院，大连 116044；⁴大连医科大学教务处，大连 116044；⁵大连医科大学医学教育研究所(教师教学发展中心)，大连 116044

摘要

本文从中国生理学教材的引入、发展与创新入手，系统回顾了19世纪末至今各历史阶段教材编写、出版及推广的特点与趋势。中国生理学教材的发展可分为四个主要阶段：(1) 19 世纪末至1925 年，生理学教材的初步引入与发展；(2) 1926 年至1949 年，中国生理学会成立后教材的本土化与多样化发展；(3) 1949 年至1976 年，新中国成立后教材建设的起步探索阶段；(4) 1977 年至今，恢复高考及改革开放以来教材建设机制的形成与拓展创新。本文不仅回顾了各阶段生理学教材的发展历史，还分析了教材的内容演变、编写风格及其与社会、政治背景的互动关系，总结了各阶段的特点与经验。其中，特别针对恢复高考及改革开放以来(1977 年至今)出版的生理学教材进行了全面的数据统计与分析，揭示了这一时期教材发展的数量变化、出版趋势及学术特色。最后，本文展望了中国生理学教材的未来发展方向，并提出教材的编写要注意在课程思政、医学人文、基础、临床医学、健康教育、科学研究和国际融合等方面的综合提高，强调围绕“个性化学习”的人工智能、虚拟仿真和知识图谱等新技术、新方法的应用。本文为医学教育史的研究提供了重要参考，也为未来生理学教材的创新发展提供了理论支持。

关键词： 生理学; 教材建设; 历史沿革; 中国

The historical evolution of Chinese physiology textbooks

FENG Yan¹, ZHAI Xiao¹, WANG Xin¹, YANG Feng¹, ZHU Liang², SUN Guo-Chao², WANG Ning³, ZHANG Jun⁴, XIAO Jing⁵, LIU Wei-Wei¹, GUAN You-Fei^3,*

¹Library, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China；²College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China；³Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China；⁴Department of Medical Education, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China；⁵Institute of Medical Education (Center for Faculty Development), Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China

Abstract

This article systematically reviews the characteristics and trends of the writing, editing, publication and promotion of physiology textbooks in China from the late 19th century to the present, focusing on the introduction, development and innovation of Chinese physiology textbooks. The development of physiology textbooks in China is divided into four main stages: the introduction and initial development of physiology textbooks from the late 19th century to 1925; the localization and diversification of textbooks from 1926 to 1949, after the establishment of the Chinese Physiological Society; the exploratory phase of textbook construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976; the formation and innovation of the textbook development process from 1977 to the present, following the restoration of the college entrance examination. For each phase, the article not only records the historical development of physiology textbooks, but also analyzes the evolution of their content, writing styles and the interaction with the social and political contexts. The article summarizes the characteristics and experiences of all these four phases. Special attention is given to the comprehensive statistical analysis of physiology textbooks published since the restoration of the college entrance examination and Economic Reform and Opening-up in 1977, revealing the changes in the number, publication trends and academic features of textbooks during this period. Finally, the article presets the future development of physiology textbooks in China, proposing that textbook writing should integrate aspects such as ideological and political education, medical humanities, basic and clinical medicine, health education, scientific research and international exchange and collaboration. The article also advocates for the application of new technologies and methods, such as artificial intelligence, virtual teaching models and knowledge graphs, to support "personalized learning". This research provides a systematic reference for the study of the history of medical education and offers theoretical support for the future innovation of physiology textbook in China.

Key words: Physiology; textbook development; historical evolution; China

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：管又飞　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0004

引用本文：

冯研, 翟霄, 王馨, 杨峰, 朱亮, 孙国超, 王宁, 张俊, 肖晶, 刘薇薇, 管又飞. 中国生理学教材的历史沿革[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (1): 1-12.

FENG Yan, ZHAI Xiao, WANG Xin, YANG Feng, ZHU Liang, SUN Guo-Chao, WANG Ning, ZHANG Jun, XIAO Jing, LIU Wei-Wei, GUAN You-Fei. The historical evolution of Chinese physiology textbooks. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (1): 1-12 (in Chinese with English abstract).