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外泌体miRNA调控脂肪组织功能稳态的研究进展

徐俊卿¹, 姜萌昕¹, 徐英江², 董圣军^1,*

¹滨州医学院附属医院心脏大血管外科，滨州 256600；²滨州医学院附属医院介入血管外科，滨州 256600

摘要

脂肪组织在机体能量平衡的调节中起着核心作用。棕色脂肪组织特异表达解耦联蛋白1 (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1)，可高效地将化学能转化为热能，用于维持机体体温。经典白色脂肪组织是储存能量的主要场所，还可通过分泌各种脂肪因子调控机体代谢，在冷刺激、运动及某些药物诱导下，白色脂肪细胞可发生“棕色化”或“米色化”，转化为米色脂肪细胞，表达较高水平的UCP1基因，也具有产热功能。因此，探寻调控脂肪组织功能稳态的方法及其中的分子机制将为预防和治疗相关代谢性疾病提供更多潜在靶点。外泌体作为细胞外囊泡的一种，可介导肥胖人群的细胞间通讯，在脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗和糖耐量受损的发生中起着重要作用，这些效应在很大程度上归因于外泌体携带的微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)。miRNA既可由细胞内源产生，又可通过细胞外囊泡在不同细胞间转运，介导不同组织和器官间功能的相互调节。本文系统综述了外泌体miRNA调控脂肪组织功能稳态的研究进展，以期为肥胖等相关代谢性疾病的诊断和治疗提供新思路。

关键词： 外泌体; miRNA; 脂肪组织; 肥胖

Research progress in the regulation of functional homeostasis of adipose tissue by exosomal miRNA

XU Jun-Qing¹, JIANG Meng-Xin¹, XU Ying-Jiang², DONG Sheng-Jun^1,*

¹Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China；²Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China

Abstract

Adipose tissue holds a pivotal position in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expresses uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is specialized in dissipating chemical energy as heat to maintain euthermia, a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. Conversely, white adipocyte (WAT) predominantly serves as the primary reservoir for energy storage, while also exhibiting endocrine activity by secreting various adipokines, thereby modulating systemic metabolism. Under the stimulation of cold exposure, physical activity and pharmacological intervention, WAT can occur as “browning” or “beiging”, and transform into beige adipose tissue. The morphology and function of beige adipocyte are similar to brown adipocyte, both of which express higher levels of UCP1 and also have the function of thermogenesis. Thus, exploring methods to regulate the functional homeostasis of adipose tissue and its underlying molecular mechanisms hold promise for advancing preventative and therapeutic approaches against metabolic diseases. Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 40–100 nm, facilitate intercellular communication in obese individuals and exert significant influence on insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance within adipose tissue. These effects are primarily mediated by microRNA (miRNA) transported by exosomes. MiRNA, originating from various cellular sources, traverses between different cell types via EVs, thereby orchestrating reciprocal functional modulation among diverse tissues and organs. This review systematically summarized the research progress in exosomal miRNA-mediated regulation of adipose tissue functional homeostasis, with the aim of offering novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases.  

Key words: exosomes; miRNA; adipose tissue; obesity

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通讯作者：董圣军　　E-mail:

引用本文：

徐俊卿, 姜萌昕, 徐英江, 董圣军. 外泌体miRNA调控脂肪组织功能稳态的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (5): 791-800.

XU Jun-Qing, JIANG Meng-Xin, XU Ying-Jiang, DONG Sheng-Jun. Research progress in the regulation of functional homeostasis of adipose tissue by exosomal miRNA. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (5): 791-800 (in Chinese with English abstract).