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慢性间歇性低氧与认知功能障碍研究进展

齐珂瑢¹, 陈雪¹, 司建超¹, 杨胜昌^1,2,*

¹河北中医药大学生理学教研室，石家庄 050091；²河北省中医药结合氢医学技术创新中心，石家庄 050091

摘要

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)影响全球近10亿患者生命健康，增加老年痴呆患病风险，导致认知功能障碍。慢性间歇性低氧(chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH)作为OSA核心病理机制，可导致神经元突触可塑性损伤，引起学习和记忆能力以及注意力下降等认知障碍表现。然而，目前关于CIH导致突触可塑性损伤的确切分子机制并不完全明确，尚无OSA并发认知障碍的针对性治疗措施。本文明确了OSA与认知功能障碍的相关性，并从突触可塑性损伤、氧化应激、炎症、内质网应激、细胞凋亡、线粒体功能障碍和细胞自噬等方面具体阐明了OSA核心病理机制——CIH诱导认知功能障碍的相关机制。本文还概括了目前OSA并发认知障碍的治疗现状。

关键词： 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停; 慢性间歇性低氧; 认知功能障碍; 氧化应激; 炎症

Research progress on chronic intermittent hypoxia and cognitive impairment

QI Ke-Rong¹, CHEN Xue¹, SI Jian-Chao¹, YANG Sheng-Chang^1,2,*

¹Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China；²Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects quality of life and health in nearly 1 billion patients all over the world. With aging society, OSA increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and leads to severe cognitive impairment. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the core pathological mechanism of OSA, may induce synaptic plasticity damage and cognitive impairment, and decrease learning and memory and attention ability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying OSA is still not fully understood. And, there is no targeted treatment strategy for cognitive impairment in patients with OSA. Firstly, the correlation between OSA and cognitive dysfunction was summarized in this review. Secondly, the molecular mechanism of CIH-induced cognitive impairment was elucidated from the perspectives of synaptic plasticity damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Finally, the current treatment strategy for cognitive impairment in patients with OSA was summarized.

Key words: obstructive sleep apnea; chronic intermittent hypoxia; cognitive impairment; oxidative stress; inflammation

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通讯作者：杨胜昌　　E-mail:

引用本文：

齐珂瑢, 陈雪, 司建超, 杨胜昌. 慢性间歇性低氧与认知功能障碍研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (5): 752-760.

QI Ke-Rong, CHEN Xue, SI Jian-Chao, YANG Sheng-Chang. Research progress on chronic intermittent hypoxia and cognitive impairment. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (5): 752-760 (in Chinese with English abstract).