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小胶质细胞在脓毒症相关性脑病中作用的研究进展

龙陆红, 曹文宇, 徐杨, 向宇燕^*

南华大学衡阳医学院应用解剖学与生殖医学研究所，衡阳 421001

摘要

脓毒症相关性脑病(sepsis-associated encephalopathy, SAE)是指由脓毒症引起的弥漫性脑功能障碍，其临床主要特征为注意力下降，定向力障碍，易激惹，严重时患者会出现昏睡、昏迷等症状。SAE的发病机制主要包括神经炎症、血脑屏障破坏、脑血管功能障碍以及神经代谢改变，其中神经炎症是SAE的核心病理过程。小胶质细胞被视为中枢神经系统的重要免疫细胞，在神经炎症中具有重要作用。本文系统描述了小胶质细胞在SAE发生和发展中扮演的角色，并详细探讨了小胶质细胞的表型和相关信号通路，以期明确小胶质细胞在SAE中的作用，为临床治疗提供理论基础。

关键词： 脓毒症相关性脑病; 脓毒症; 小胶质细胞; 神经炎症

Research progress on the role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

LONG Lu-Hong, CAO Wen-Yu, XU Yang, XIANG Yu-Yan^*

Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

Abstract

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) refers to diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis, which is characterized by decreased attention, directional impairment, being prone to irritation, and in severe cases the patient will experience drowsiness and coma. The pathogenesis of SAE mainly includes neuroinflammation, damage of blood-brain barrier, cerebral vascular dysfunction, and neurometabolic changes, among which neuroinflammation is the core pathological process. Microglia are considered to be important immune cells of the central nervous system and play an important role in neuroinflammation. This article systematically describes the role of microglia in the development of SAE, and discusses the phenotype and related signaling pathways of microglia, in order to clarify the role of microglia in SAE and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of SAE.

Key words: sepsis-associated encephalopathy; sepsis; microglia; neuroinflammation

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：向宇燕　　E-mail: beijiashan6887@126.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2024.0016

引用本文：

龙陆红, 曹文宇, 徐杨, 向宇燕. 小胶质细胞在脓毒症相关性脑病中作用的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2024; 76 (2): 289-300.

LONG Lu-Hong, CAO Wen-Yu, XU Yang, XIANG Yu-Yan. Research progress on the role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Acta Physiol Sin 2024; 76 (2): 289-300 (in Chinese with English abstract).