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核苷碱基修饰抑制RNA免疫原性成就新型冠状病毒mRNA疫苗

翟甜甜¹, 刘默芳², 雷海新^1,*

¹大连医科大学肿瘤干细胞研究院，大连 116044；²中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/生物化学与细胞生物学研究所，上海 200031

摘要

近日揭晓的2023年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖颁发给了出生于匈牙利的美国生物学家Katalin Karikó和美国生物学家Drew Weissman，以表彰他们关于核苷碱基修饰的突破性发现，从而为开发高效新型冠状病毒mRNA疫苗奠定了坚实基础。这也是继多核苷酸磷酸化酶的发现(1959年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖)，酵母Ala-tRNA序列的确定(1969年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖)、逆转录现象的发现(1975年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖)、内含子和RNA剪接现象的发现(1993年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖)、核酶的发现(1993年诺贝尔化学奖)、RNA干扰现象的发现(2006年诺贝尔生理学/医学奖)、真核生物转录机制的研究(2006年诺贝尔化学奖)以及CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术(2020年诺贝尔化学奖)之后在RNA领域获得诺贝尔生理学/医学奖的又一重大科研发现。

Inhibition of RNA immunogenicity by nucleoside base modification paves the way for the success of COVID-19

ZHAI Tian-Tian¹, LIU Mo-Fang², LEI Xin-Hai^1,*

¹Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China；²Center of Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS/Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai 200031, China

Abstract

The recently announced 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine was awarded to the Hungarian born American biologist Katalin Karik ó and the American biologist Drew Weissman for their breakthrough discovery on nucleoside base modification, thus laying a solid foundation for the development of an efficient novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine. This is also the discovery of polynucleotide phosphorylase (1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine), determination of yeast Ala-tRNA sequence (1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine), discovery of reverse transcription phenomenon (1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine), discovery of intron and RNA splicing phenomena (1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine), discovery of ribozyme (1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) The discovery of RNA interference phenomenon (Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 2006), the study of transcription mechanisms in eukaryotic organisms (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006), and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020) are another major scientific discovery in the RNA field that received the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine.

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通讯作者：雷海新　　E-mail: haixinlei@dmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2023.0073

引用本文：

翟甜甜, 刘默芳, 雷海新. 核苷碱基修饰抑制RNA免疫原性成就新型冠状病毒mRNA疫苗[J]. 生理学报 2023; 75 (5): 605-610.

ZHAI Tian-Tian, LIU Mo-Fang, LEI Xin-Hai. Inhibition of RNA immunogenicity by nucleoside base modification paves the way for the success of COVID-19. Acta Physiol Sin 2023; 75 (5): 605-610 (in Chinese with English abstract).