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高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔血液参数和血红蛋白亚型对不同海拔生境的响应

高聪慧^1,2, 李吉梅², 徐波³, 安志芳², 王志洁², 陈晓琦², 张佳钰¹, 魏登邦^1,2,*

¹青海大学生态环境工程学院，西宁 810016；²青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室，西宁 810016；³中国科学院西北高原生物研究所高原生物适应与进化重点实验室，西宁 810008

摘要

高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔是青藏高原特有的物种，对高原低氧环境有很强的适应性。本研究测定了不同海拔的高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔的红细胞数目、血红蛋白浓度、平均红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积等；通过质谱测序明确两种高原动物血红蛋白亚型；采用PAML4.8程序分析两种动物血红蛋白亚基中的正向选择位点；采用同源建模的方法分析正向选择位点对血红蛋白氧亲和力的影响，基于对两种高原动物血液特征的分析，探讨了它们适应低氧的策略。结果表明，随着海拔升高，高原鼢鼠通过增加红细胞数目、减小红细胞体积应答低氧，相反，高原鼠兔通过减少红细胞数目、增大红细胞体积应答低氧；高原鼠兔红细胞中具有α2β2成年型血红蛋白和α2ε2胎儿型血红蛋白，高原鼢鼠红细胞中只有α2β2成年型血红蛋白，但高原鼢鼠血红蛋白氧亲和力和别构效应显著高于高原鼠兔；高原鼢鼠与高原鼠兔的血红蛋白α和β亚基中，正向选择的氨基酸位点数目、位置以及它们的侧链基团极性和取向具有明显不同，这可能是造成两种动物血红蛋白氧亲和力不同的重要原因。总之，高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔血液应答低氧的策略表现出物种特异性。

关键词： 高原鼢鼠; 高原鼠兔; 低氧适应; 血液; 血红蛋白

Responses of blood parameters and hemoglobin subtypes in plateau zokors and plateau pikas to different altitude habitats 

GAO Cong-Hui^1,2, LI Ji-Mei², XU Bo³, AN Zhi-Fan², WANG Zhi-Jie², CHEN Xiao-Qi², ZHANG Jia-Yu¹, WEI Deng-Bang^1,2,*

¹College of Ecological Environment Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China；²State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China；³Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China

Abstract

The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) are native species unique to the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau with successful adaptation to the hypoxic environment. In this study, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, mean hematocrit and mean volume of red blood cells were measured in plateau zokors and plateau pikas at different altitudes. Hemoglobin subtypes of two plateau animals were identified by mass spectrometry sequencing. The forward selection sites in two animals’ hemoglobin subunits were analyzed by PAML4.8 program. Homologous modeling was used to analyze the effect of forward selection sites on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. The adapting strategies of plateau zokors and plateau pikas to hypoxia at different altitudes were analyzed through comparing blood parameters between the two species. The results indicated that, with increasing altitudes, plateau zokors responded to hypoxia by increasing red blood cell count and decreasing red blood cell volume, while plateau pikas took the opposite strategies to plateau zokors. In erythrocytes of plateau pikas, both adult α2β2 and fetal α2ε2 hemoglobins were identified, while erythrocytes of plateau zokors only had adult α2β2 hemoglobin, however the affinities and the allosteric effects of the hemoglobin of plateau zokors were significantly higher than those of plateau pikas. Mechanistically, in the α and β subunits of hemoglobin of plateau zokors and pikas, the numbers and the sites of the positively selected amino acids as well as the side chain groups polarities and orientations of the amino acids differed significantly, which may result in the difference of the affinities to oxygen of hemoglobin between plateau zokors and pikas. In conclusion, the adaptive mechanisms to respond to hypoxia in blood properties of plateau zokors and plateau pikas are species-specific.

Key words: plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi); plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae); hypoxia adaptation; blood; hemoglobin

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：魏登邦　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0105

引用本文：

高聪慧, 李吉梅, 徐波, 安志芳, 王志洁, 陈晓琦, 张佳钰, 魏登邦. 高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔血液参数和血红蛋白亚型对不同海拔生境的响应[J]. 生理学报 2023; 75 (1): 69-81.

GAO Cong-Hui, LI Ji-Mei, XU Bo, AN Zhi-Fan, WANG Zhi-Jie, CHEN Xiao-Qi, ZHANG Jia-Yu, WEI Deng-Bang. Responses of blood parameters and hemoglobin subtypes in plateau zokors and plateau pikas to different altitude habitats . Acta Physiol Sin 2023; 75 (1): 69-81 (in Chinese with English abstract).