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成年海马神经发生障碍在糖尿病脑病发生和发展中的作用

张琦, 许顺江^*

河北医科大学第一医院中心实验室，河北省脑科学国际联合研究中心，河北省脑科学与精神心理疾病重点实验室，石家庄 050031

摘要

糖尿病脑病(diabetic encephalopathy, DE)是糖尿病的常见并发症之一。持续的高血糖可引起机体慢性炎症、血脑屏障通透性增加、神经发生障碍和脑萎缩等形态和功能的改变，从而导致认知功能下降。海马齿状回(dentate gyrus, DG)是机体调节学习记忆功能的重要区域，也是哺乳动物成年神经发生的重要脑区之一。最新研究表明，成年海马神经发生(adult hippocampal neurogenesis, AHN)在整个生命进程中持续存在，随着年龄的增长而降低，但在DE中受损明显。DE中AHN障碍引起认知功能损伤的机制日益受到关注。本文就近年来AHN障碍在DE发生、发展中的作用及机制的研究进展进行综述，以期为DE的防治提供新的思路。

关键词： 糖尿病脑病; 成年海马神经发生; 神经炎症; 神经干细胞

Contributions of impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis to occurrence and development of diabetic encephalopathy 

ZHANG Qi, XU Shun-Jiang^*

Central Laboratory of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Brain Science International Joint Research Center, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental and Psychological Diseases, Shijiazhuang 050031, China

Abstract

Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Persistent hyperglycemia in DM patients may induce numerous pathophysiological changes, such as chronic inflammation, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier, impaired neurogenesis, and brain atrophy, which eventually impair cognitive function. The dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus is a crucial region for learning and memory, as well as adult neurogenesis in mammals. Recent studies have shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) exists throughout life and is decreased with age, whereas AHN is significantly impaired in DE. Therefore, numerous efforts are currently focused on exploring the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment induced by AHN dysfunction in DE. Here, we summarize studies on the contributions of AHN disorders to the occurrence and development of DE and related mechanisms, in order to shed light on the prevention and treatment of DE.

Key words: diabetic encephalopathy; adult hippocampal neurogenesis; neuroinflammation; neural stem cells

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：许顺江　　E-mail: sjxu66@hotmail.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0040

引用本文：

张琦, 许顺江. 成年海马神经发生障碍在糖尿病脑病发生和发展中的作用[J]. 生理学报 2022; 74 (5): 837-842.

ZHANG Qi, XU Shun-Jiang. Contributions of impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis to occurrence and development of diabetic encephalopathy . Acta Physiol Sin 2022; 74 (5): 837-842 (in Chinese with English abstract).