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间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在自身免疫性疾病中的治疗作用

陈恬, 季娟, 顾志峰^*

南通大学附属医院风湿免疫科，南通 226001

摘要

自身免疫性疾病往往累及多个器官，可以引起多种并发症。近年来，自身免疫性疾病的新疗法被广泛提出，而间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)因其独特的免疫调节能力成为了研究热点。外泌体是MSCs等细胞分泌的一种小囊泡，通过携带蛋白质、mRNA、microRNA、脂质等细胞内容物，参与细胞间物质和信息的传递，调节受体细胞的生物学功能，这可能是MSCs免疫调节功能的潜在机制。越来越多的研究表明，MSCs分泌的外泌体具有与MSCs相似甚至更好的免疫调节功能，其在自身免疫性疾病治疗中的作用已在某些疾病的动物模型中得到证实。本综述总结了MSCs及其外泌体对免疫系统和免疫细胞的作用，以及近年来MSCs来源的外泌体在自身免疫性疾病中作用的研究进展。

关键词： 间充质干细胞; 外泌体; 免疫调节; 自身免疫性疾病

The therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the autoimmune diseases

CHEN Tian, JI Juan, GU Zhi-Feng^*

Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by damage and dysfunction of multiple organs and various complications. Recently, new therapies for autoimmune diseases have been proposed extensively, and there are growing researches focusing on the immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). As a kind of small vesicles secreted by cells, exosomes can be released by MSCs and other cells. Being enriched with protein, mRNA, microRNA, lipids and other cell contents, exosomes participate in the transfer of substances and information between cells, and regulate the biological functions of recipient cells, which may be a potential mechanism of the immunomodulation abilities of MSCs. A growing number of studies have shown that the exosomes secreted by MSCs have similar or even better immunomodulation abilities than MSCs, and their roles in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases have been confirmed in animal models. In this review, we briefly summarize the effects of MSCs and the MSCs-derived exosomes on the immune system and immune cells, especially focusing on the research progress of MSCs-derived exosomes in autoimmune diseases in recent years.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells; exosomes; immunomodulation; autoimmune diseases

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：顾志峰　　E-mail: guzhifeng@126.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0068

引用本文：

陈恬, 季娟, 顾志峰. 间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在自身免疫性疾病中的治疗作用[J]. 生理学报 2022; 74 (4): 609-620.

CHEN Tian, JI Juan, GU Zhi-Feng. The therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the autoimmune diseases. Acta Physiol Sin 2022; 74 (4): 609-620