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小胶质细胞介导的吞噬作用在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展

刘玥滢^1,2, 杜天舒^1,2, 刘玚^1,2, 张震^1,2, 艾孜儿·艾尼瓦尔^1,2, 宫晓丽³, 王晓民^3,2,4, 张婷^1,2,*

¹首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系，北京 100069；²首都医科大学教育部神经变性病重点实验室，北京 100069；³首都医科大学基础医学院生理与病理生理学系，北京 100069；⁴北京脑重大疾病研究院，北京 100069

摘要

随着人口老龄化进程加剧，阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病迄今为止已经成为一种全球性的健康危机之一。目前的研究进展表明，小胶质细胞与神经元的相互作用对中枢神经系统的稳态维持至关重要。神经退行性疾病研究，包括大规模全基因组关联分析或者脑影像学研究都提示，小胶质细胞在疾病早期大量激活。小胶质细胞是脑内一类吞噬细胞，新的细胞吞噬途径——细胞啃噬(trogocytosis)的发现为揭示小胶质细胞与存活神经元之间存在的密切关系提供了新的视角。本文将重点对神经退行性疾病发病过程中小胶质细胞介导的吞噬及啃噬作用以及分子机制的研究进展作一简要评述。

关键词： 小胶质细胞; 吞噬; 啃噬; 阿尔茨海默病; 帕金森病

Phagocytosis of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases 

LIU Yue-Ying^1,2, DU Tian-Shu^1,2, LIU Yang^1,2, ZHANG Zhen^1,2, AIZIER Ai-Niwaer^1,2, GONG Xiao-Li³, WANG Xiao-Min^3,2,4, ZHANG Ting^1,2,*

¹Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China；²Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China；³Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China；⁴Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China

Abstract

With the acceleration of the aging society, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), have become a rapidly growing global health crisis. Recent studies have indicated that microglia-neuron interactions are critical for maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system. Genome-Wide Association Studies and brain imaging studies have suggested that microglia are activated in early stage of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are specialized phagocytes in the brain. The discovery of a new phagocytic pathway, trogocytosis, suggests that there is a close interaction between microglia and surviving neurons. In this review, we summarize the important roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, and further analyze the functions and molecular mechanisms of microglia phagocytosis and trogocytosis.

Key words: microglia; phagocytosis; trogocytosis; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：张婷　　E-mail: zhang.t@ccmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0031

引用本文：

刘玥滢, 杜天舒, 刘玚, 张震, 艾孜儿·艾尼瓦尔, 宫晓丽, 王晓民, 张婷. 小胶质细胞介导的吞噬作用在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2022; 74 (2): 283-293.

LIU Yue-Ying, DU Tian-Shu, LIU Yang, ZHANG Zhen, AIZIER Ai-Niwaer, GONG Xiao-Li, WANG Xiao-Min, ZHANG Ting. Phagocytosis of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases . Acta Physiol Sin 2022; 74 (2): 283-293 (in Chinese with English abstract).