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嗅觉与摄食行为的相互调节及其神经机制

周建宏, 陈艳梅^*

昆明理工大学医学院基础医学系，昆明 650500

摘要

嗅觉与摄食相互关联和相互调节。在摄食过程中，体内的代谢信号及食物刺激产生的进食信号首先被下丘脑的弓状核及脑干的孤束核感受到，进一步投射到下丘脑室旁核，室旁核再将信号传递到与摄食相关的其他脑区，调控摄食行为。在此过程中，嗅觉信号可以通过嗅球及嗅皮层投射到下丘脑，调节摄食行为。与此同时，摄食过程中产生的胃肠激素(促生长激素释放素、胰岛素、瘦素等)和体内的一些神经递质(乙酰胆碱，去甲肾上腺素、五羟色胺、内源性大麻素等)又作用于嗅觉系统，对嗅觉功能进行调节，反过来影响摄食本身。本综述从神经调节、激素调节等方面总结了近年嗅觉与摄食之间的相互作用及其内在机制的研究进展。

关键词： 嗅觉; 摄食行为; 激素; 神经调节

Interaction of olfaction and feeding behavior and its neural mechanism

ZHOU Jian-Hong, CHEN Yan-Mei^*

Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China

Abstract

Olfaction and food intake are interrelated and regulated. In the process of feeding, the metabolic signals in the body and the feeding signals produced by food stimulation are first sensed by the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus and the nucleus tractus solitarius of brain stem, and then these neurons project to the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. The paraventricular nucleus transmits the signals to other brain regions related to feeding and regulates feeding behavior. In this process, olfactory signals can be transmitted to hypothalamus through olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex to regulate feeding behavior. At the same time, gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, insulin, leptin, etc.) and some neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, endocannabinoid, etc.) produced in the process of feeding act on the olfactory system to regulate olfactory function, which in turn affects the feeding itself. This review summaries the research progress of the interaction between olfaction and food intake and its internal mechanism from the aspects of neuronal and hormonal regulation.

Key words: olfaction; food intake; hormone; neuroregulation

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：陈艳梅　　E-mail: chym@kust.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2022.0021

引用本文：

周建宏, 陈艳梅. 嗅觉与摄食行为的相互调节及其神经机制[J]. 生理学报 2022; 74 (2): 276-282.

ZHOU Jian-Hong, CHEN Yan-Mei. Interaction of olfaction and feeding behavior and its neural mechanism. Acta Physiol Sin 2022; 74 (2): 276-282 (in Chinese with English abstract).