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婴幼儿时期呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染与呼吸系统疾病的研究进展

杜茜子¹, 宋爽², 秦晓群¹, 向阳¹, 瞿湘萍¹, 刘惠君¹, 刘持^1,*

¹中南大学基础医学院生理学系，长沙 410078；²中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理学系，长沙 410078

摘要

呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)诱导的下呼吸道感染(lower respiratory tract infection, LRTI)是导致婴幼儿住院治疗的重要原因。由于婴幼儿期气道和免疫系统尚未发育成熟，相较成年人，婴幼儿在RSV感染后更容易发生严重的呼吸系统疾病。机体免疫抵抗和免疫耐受的平衡是有效清除病毒和控制病情的关键。本文阐述了婴幼儿期RSV感染与呼吸系统疾病的关系、婴幼儿RSV高致病性的影响因素、以及抗RSV治疗的研究进展，并展开探讨了调控免疫抵抗和免疫耐受的具体分子事件，以期为临床上RSV感染相关呼吸系统疾病的防治提供新的思路。

关键词： 呼吸道合胞病毒; 固有免疫; 免疫逃避; 免疫失衡

分类号：R332

Research progress of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and respiratory diseases in infancy

DU Xi-Zi¹, SONG Shuang², QIN Xiao-Qun¹, XIANG Yang¹, QU Xiang-Ping¹, LIU Hui-Jun¹, LIU Chi^1,*

¹Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China；²Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China

Abstract

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of hospitalization for infants. Compared with adults, infants are more likely to cause serious respiratory diseases after RSV infection due to the specific immature airway structure and immune system. The balance of immune resistance and immune tolerance of the host is critical to effective virus clearance and disease control. This paper reviews the relationship between RSV infection and respiratory diseases in infancy, the influence factors of the high pathogenicity of RSV infection in early life, as well as the research progress of anti-RSV therapy, and expands the specific molecular events regulating immune resistance and immune tolerance. We expect to present new ideas for the prevention and treatment of RSV-related respiratory diseases in clinical practice.

Key words: respiratory syncytial virus; innate immunity; immune resistance; immune tolerance

收稿日期：2020-10-28　　录用日期：2021-02-26

通讯作者：刘持　　E-mail: liu.chi@csu.edu.cn

引用本文：

杜茜子, 宋爽, 秦晓群, 向阳, 瞿湘萍, 刘惠君, 刘持. 婴幼儿时期呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染与呼吸系统疾病的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2021; 73 (6): 1043-1053.

DU Xi-Zi, SONG Shuang, QIN Xiao-Qun, XIANG Yang, QU Xiang-Ping, LIU Hui-Jun, LIU Chi. Research progress of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and respiratory diseases in infancy. Acta Physiol Sin 2021; 73 (6): 1043-1053 (in Chinese with English abstract).