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小胶质细胞在缺血性脑卒中中的双重作用及机制

程明星¹, 李晨辉¹, 孟卫², 王琛^1,*

¹中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院，天然药物活性组分与药效国家重点实验室，南京 211198；²中国药科大学理学院，南京 211198

摘要

脑卒中是全球范围内继癌症后导致成年人死亡的第二大病因，同时也是导致成年人伤残的主要原因，其中由大脑缺血引起的缺血性脑卒中占绝大多数。中枢神经系统的小胶质细胞在应对脑缺血损伤反应中发挥神经保护和损伤双重作用：一方面，小胶质细胞参与了脑卒中后神经功能恢复过程，包括促进炎症消退、细胞碎片清除、神经再生和突触重塑等；另一方面，小胶质细胞的过度激活加重神经损伤。本文简述了小胶质细胞在脑卒中后的激活机制，着重探讨了其不同功能对脑卒中后神经损伤和恢复的影响，深入探索脑缺血后小胶质细胞的损伤和保护机制将为脑卒中治疗提供新靶点和新策略。

关键词： 缺血性脑卒中; 小胶质细胞; 炎症反应; 吞噬作用

分类号：R392.1

Dual roles and mechanism of microglia in ischemic stroke

CHENG Ming-Xing¹, LI Chen-Hui¹, MENG Wei², WANG Chen^1,*

¹State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technologye, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China ；²School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China

Abstract

Stroke is the second most common cause of death after cancer worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults. Overwhelming majority of strokes are caused by cerebral ischemia and are classified as ischemic stroke. Microglia are the resident immune cells and play dual roles in response to ischemia injury in the central nervous system (CNS). On the one hand, microglia may contribute to tissue function recovery process by promoting inflammation resolution, cellular debris clearance, nerve regeneration and synapse remodeling. On the other hand, excessive activation of microglia aggravates nerve damage after ischemic injury. Here, we briefly describe the mechanism of microglia activation after stroke, and comprehensively review the dual role of microglia in neurodegeneration and regeneration after stroke. In-depth exploration of the cytotoxic and protective mechanisms of microglia will provide new targets and new strategies for stroke treatment.

Key words: ischemic stroke; microglia; inflammation; phagocytosis

收稿日期：2020-12-18　　录用日期：2021-02-26

通讯作者：王琛　　E-mail: cwang1971@cpu.edu.cn

引用本文：

程明星, 李晨辉, 孟卫, 王琛. 小胶质细胞在缺血性脑卒中中的双重作用及机制[J]. 生理学报 2021; 73 (6): 963-972.

CHENG Ming-Xing, LI Chen-Hui, MENG Wei, WANG Chen. Dual roles and mechanism of microglia in ischemic stroke. Acta Physiol Sin 2021; 73 (6): 963-972 (in Chinese with English abstract).