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基质力学微环境对血管平滑肌细胞功能的影响

王谨^1,2,3, 朱娟娟^1,2,3, 周菁^1,2,3,*

¹北京大学基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系，北京 100191；²教育部分子心血管重点实验室，北京 100191；³国家卫生健康委员会心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室，北京 100191

摘要

血管平滑肌细胞是血管壁中的主要细胞类型，处于复杂的基质微环境中。微环境中的力学因素(包括基质刚度、基质微纳拓扑结构以及基质对细胞的几何约束等)可影响平滑肌细胞表型与功能。平滑肌细胞通过特定的机械力感受器感知基质微环境中的机械力刺激，并将机械信号转化为生物化学信号，调控下游基因表达与活性，从而影响平滑肌细胞的各种行为。血管平滑肌细胞行为的异常可破坏血管稳态，导致血管重塑。阐明平滑肌细胞如何感知与传导机械力刺激以及细胞外力学微环境如何调控平滑肌细胞的表型与功能，可为血管疾病的预防与治疗提供新的策略。

关键词： 血管平滑肌细胞; 细胞外基质; 机械力感受器; 机械信号转导; 血管重塑

分类号：R33; R54; Q4; Q2; Q81

New insights into vascular mechanobiology: roles of matrix mechanics in regulating smooth muscle cell function

WANG Jin^1,2,3, ZHU Juan-Juan^1,2,3, ZHOU Jing^1,2,3,*

¹Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China；²Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China；³Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, National Health Commission, Beijing 100191, China

Abstract

Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) is the predominant cell type in the blood vessel wall and is constantly subjected to a complex extracellular microenvironment. Mechanical forces that are conveyed by changes in stiffness/elasticity, geometry and topology of the extracellular matrix have been indicated by experimental studies to affect the phenotype and function of vSMCs. vSMCs perceive the mechanical stimuli from matrix via specialized mechanosensors, translate these stimuli into biochemical signals controlling gene expression and activation, with the consequent modulation in controlling various aspects of SMC behaviors. Changes in vSMC behaviors may further cause disruption of vascular homeostasis and then lead to vascular remodeling. A better understanding of how SMC senses and transduces mechanical forces and how the extracellular mechano-microenvironments regulate SMC phenotype and function may contribute to the development of new therapeutics for vascular diseases.

Key words: Vascular smooth muscle cells;;;;

收稿日期：2020-05-14　　录用日期：2021-03-11

通讯作者：周菁　　E-mail: jzhou@bjmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2021.0018

引用本文：

王谨, 朱娟娟, 周菁. 基质力学微环境对血管平滑肌细胞功能的影响[J]. 生理学报 2021; 73 (2): 160-174.

WANG Jin, ZHU Juan-Juan, ZHOU Jing. New insights into vascular mechanobiology: roles of matrix mechanics in regulating smooth muscle cell function. Acta Physiol Sin 2021; 73 (2): 160-174 (in Chinese with English abstract).