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新型冠状病毒的结构基础与新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床药物治疗

陈海霞, 陈志华, 沈华浩^*

浙江省呼吸疾病诊治及研究重点实验室，浙江大学医学院附属第二医院呼吸与危重症医学科，杭州 310009

摘要

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)是指由新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的肺炎。SARS-CoV-2结合细胞表面受体——血管紧张素转化酶2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2)感染肺部细胞，导致白细胞浸润，血管和肺泡壁通透性增加，肺表面活性物质减少，引起呼吸系统症状。局部的炎症加重引起细胞因子风暴，造成全身性炎症反应综合征。2019年12月，武汉市卫生健康委员会报告了多例新型肺炎，分离并确定了病原体SARS-CoV-2。截至2020年9月13日，全世界216个国家或地区受累，2 860余万人确诊COVID-19，90余万人死于该疾病，病死率高达3.20%。到目前为止，尚无特效药物可治疗COVID-19，因此解析病毒结构，探索治疗药物显得尤其重要。本文总结了SARS-CoV-2的病毒结构和COVID-19的临床药物治疗，并分析了他们之间可能的相关性。

关键词： 新型冠状病毒肺炎; 新型冠状病毒; 临床诊疗

分类号：R714.253; R373.1

Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and treatment of COVID-19

CHEN Hai-Xia, CHEN Zhi-Hua, SHEN Hua-Hao^*

Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China

Abstract

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus pneumonia, which is caused by infection of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The virus infects lung cells by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of cell surface, which leads to leukocyte infiltration, increased permeability of blood vessels and alveolar walls, and decreased surfactant in the lung, causing respiratory symptoms. The aggravation of local inflammation causes cytokine storm, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In December 2019, a number of new pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, after then a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified as SARS-CoV-2. To the date of Sep. 13th, 2020, COVID-19 is affecting 216 countries or regions, causing 28 637 952 cases, 917 417 deaths, and the mortality rate is 3.20%. This review will summarize the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the pharmaceutical treatment of COVID-19, and their potential relationships.

Key words: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; clinical diagnosis and treatment

收稿日期：2020-04-23　　录用日期：2020-09-16

通讯作者：沈华浩　　E-mail: huahaoshen@zju.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0070

引用本文：

陈海霞, 陈志华, 沈华浩. 新型冠状病毒的结构基础与新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床药物治疗[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (5): 617-630.

CHEN Hai-Xia, CHEN Zhi-Hua, SHEN Hua-Hao. Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and treatment of COVID-19. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (5): 617-630 (in Chinese with English abstract).