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消化道多巴胺的来源、代谢和功能

刘晨喆¹, 朱进霞^2,*

¹京体育大学运动生理学教研室，北京 100084；²首都医科大学基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系，北京 100069

摘要

多巴胺(dopamine, DA)是一种广泛存在于中枢神经系统和外周组织的儿茶酚胺类神经递质，其功能越来越受到学者们的关注，尤其是近年发现DA可以调节免疫系统功能，DA与肠黏膜炎症相关疾病联系的研究成为热点。消化道是外周DA的重要来源，DA不仅产生于肠神经系统和消化道上皮等部位，而且还大量产自于肠道微生物。机体组织中DA的含量变化除了受其合成酶影响外，还受到两个重要的代谢酶——单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase, MAO)和儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT)的调控。本文主要对消化道DA的来源和功能、DA代谢酶的分布和功能进行综述。

关键词： 消化道; 多巴胺; 单胺氧化酶; 儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶

分类号：R333;Q48

Source, metabolism and function of dopamine in digestive tract

LIU Chen-Zhe¹, ZHU Jin-Xia^2,*

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China；²Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

Abstract

Dopamine (DA), as a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system and the peripheral tissues, has attracted a lot of attention. Especially in recent years, DA has been found to regulate the function of the immune system, and the involvement of DA in the intestinal mucosal inflammation-related diseases has become a hot research topic. The digestive tract is an important source of peripheral DA, and DA is not only produced in the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal epithelium, but also produced by intestinal microorganisms. In addition to the synthetases of DA, the DA contents in body tissues are also affected by the two kinds of metabolic enzymes, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). This article reviewed the sources, metabolism, and functions of DA in digestive tract, especially focusing on the distribution and function of MAO and COMT, the enzymes degrading DA.

Key words: gastrointestinal tract; dopamine; monoamine oxidase; catechol-O-methyltransferase

收稿日期：2019-10-16　　录用日期：2020-01-29

通讯作者：朱进霞　　E-mail: zhu_jx@ccmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0036

引用本文：

刘晨喆, 朱进霞. 消化道多巴胺的来源、代谢和功能[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (3): 336-346.

LIU Chen-Zhe, ZHU Jin-Xia. Source, metabolism and function of dopamine in digestive tract. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (3): 336-346 (in Chinese with English abstract).