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胎盘屏障建立与维持的机制

郑婉珊^1,2, 胡晓倩³, 王雁玲⁴, 曹彬^1,*

¹厦门大学医学院，厦门 361102；²广州医科大学第三医院妇产科研究所，广州 510150；³厦门大学公共卫生学院，厦门 361102；⁴中国科学院动物研究所干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100101

摘要

胎盘是妊娠期维持胎儿正常生长发育和母亲健康的临时性器官，直接介导了母胎之间的对话。胎盘防御屏障功能的 建立与维持是正常妊娠维持的重要基础，一方面，胎盘发挥了抑制母体对胎儿免疫排斥的作用，同时，胎盘需要抵抗致病 微生物的感染。本文从胎盘发育的角度出发，从细胞学、免疫学等多重领域探讨了胎盘防御屏障建立及功能维持的细胞和 分子机制，重点介绍了胎盘合体滋养层细胞抗感染的作用方式，包括细胞自噬、外泌体途径、细胞连接及细胞骨架等；同 时介绍了胎盘屏障功能异常与子宫内感染尤其是TORCH致病微生物感染的致病关联。

关键词： 胎盘屏障; 滋养层细胞; 子宫内感染; TORCH

分类号：Q492.6

Mechanisms for establishment of the placental defensive barrier

ZHENG Wan-Shan^1,2, HU Xiao-Qian³, WANG Yan-Ling⁴, CAO Bin^1,*

¹School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China；²Guangzhou Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China；³School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China；⁴State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Abstract

Placenta serves as a temporary fetal organ, which mediates maternal-fetal crosstalk and intrauterine fetal growth. Placental defensive barrier is a fundamental physiological function, which balances maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and resistance to pathogens. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the mechanisms of placental barrier formation from the view of placental development. Recent discoveries have shed light on the cellular and molecular properties of placental defensive mechanisms in syncytiotrophoblast, including autophagy, exosome mediated anti-pathogenic pathways, cell-cell junctions and cytoskeleton networks. We also present an overview of placental barrier dysfunction and its implications in intrauterine TORCH infections.

Key words: Placental barrier; trophoblast; intrauterine infection; TORCH

收稿日期：2019-07-15　　录用日期：2019-09-22

通讯作者：曹彬　　E-mail: caobin19@xmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2020.0006

引用本文：

郑婉珊, 胡晓倩, 王雁玲, 曹彬. 胎盘屏障建立与维持的机制[J]. 生理学报 2020; 72 (1): 115-124.

ZHENG Wan-Shan, HU Xiao-Qian, WANG Yan-Ling, CAO Bin. Mechanisms for establishment of the placental defensive barrier. Acta Physiol Sin 2020; 72 (1): 115-124 (in Chinese with English abstract).