过刊浏览

外泌体在糖尿病及其并发症的发生、发展和诊治中的作用

寿崟^1,2, 马宇航³, 虎力², 徐平², 张伟波², 高原², 张必萌^1,*

¹上海交通大学附属第一人民医院针灸科，上海 200080；²上海中医药大学针灸推拿学院，上海 201203；³上海交通大学附属第一人民医院内分泌代谢科，上海 200080

摘要

外泌体是一种纳米级大小，由细胞主动吞吐而分泌的具有膜结构的细胞外囊泡样小体，可以携带和转移很多生物分子，如DNA片段、环状RNA (circRNA)、mRNA、微小RNA (miRNA)、功能蛋白、转录因子等，从而成为细胞间信息传递的载体。近年来外泌体与糖尿病的关系受到广泛关注，它们在胰岛素敏感性、葡萄糖稳态、血管内皮功能等方面发挥重要作用。本文综述外泌体参与糖尿病及其并发症的病理生理过程，并探讨了外泌体作为糖尿病治疗的靶点及其在糖尿病的诊断与治疗中的作用和前景。

关键词： 外泌体; 糖尿病; 糖尿病并发症

分类号：R335;R587.1;R587.2

Exosomes and their roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications: from pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical perspectives

SHOU Yin^1,2, MA Yu-Hang³, HU Li², XU Ping², ZHANG Wei-Bo², GAO Yuan², ZHANG Bi-Meng^1,*

¹Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China；²Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China；³Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China

Abstract

Exosome is a kind of nanoscale-size extracellular vesicles secreted by the means of cell active stimulation with outer membrane structure of vacuoles corpuscle. It can carry and transfer a lot of biological molecules, such as DNA fragments, circular RNA (circRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), functional proteins, transcription factors, etc., so as to achieve the goal of information transmission between cells. The relationship between exosomes and diabetes has received extensive attention in recent years. The exosomes play an important role in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and vascular endothelial function. This paper reviews the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications, and discusses the role and prospect of exosomes as a target for diabetes treatment and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Key words: exosomes; diabetes; diabetic complications

收稿日期：2019-03-29　　录用日期：2019-05-21

通讯作者：张必萌　　E-mail: pjzhtiger08@aliyun.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0059

引用本文：

寿崟, 马宇航, 虎力, 徐平, 张伟波, 高原, 张必萌. 外泌体在糖尿病及其并发症的发生、发展和诊治中的作用[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (6): 917-934.

SHOU Yin, MA Yu-Hang, HU Li, XU Ping, ZHANG Wei-Bo, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Bi-Meng. Exosomes and their roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications: from pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical perspectives. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (6): 917-934 (in Chinese with English abstract).