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骨骼肌质量控制信号通路

郑莉芳, 陈佩杰, 肖卫华^*

上海体育学院运动科学学院，上海 200438

摘要

骨骼肌质量约占健康成人体重的40%。骨骼肌不仅直接参与运动，还作为分泌器官分泌多种肌肉因子影响其它器官的功能，因此骨骼肌功能的维持对机体健康具有重要意义。骨骼肌质量作为骨骼肌功能的基础，常常受到运动、疾病等多种因素的影响。如抗阻运动可引起骨骼肌细胞蛋白质合成增加，诱发肌肉肥大；而肢体废用、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心衰、慢性肾病、恶病质、杜氏肌营养不良等疾病可导致骨骼肌细胞蛋白质合成降低或降解增强，引起肌肉萎缩。骨骼肌肥大或萎缩的过程涉及多条信号通路的改变，如IGF-1/PI3K/Akt、肌肉生长抑制素、G蛋白等介导的信号通路参与了骨骼肌肥大的调控；而泛素-蛋白酶体途径、IGF-1/Akt/FoxO、自噬-溶酶体途径、NF-κB及糖皮质激素介导的信号通路则在调节肌肉萎缩中发挥重要作用。这些信号通路在不同的条件下被激活或抑制，共同调节骨骼肌质量。本文综述骨骼肌质量控制信号通路及其主要转导机制，以加深对骨骼肌质量调控的理解与认识。

关键词： 骨骼肌质量; 肥大; 萎缩; 信号通路

分类号：R3;Q4;Q5

Signaling pathways controlling skeletal muscle mass

ZHENG Li-Fang, CHEN Pei-Jie, XIAO Wei-Hua^*

School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China

Abstract

The skeletal muscle mass accounts for more than 40% of the body weight of healthy adults. The skeletal muscle not only plays an important role in physical activities but also affects the function of other organs as a secretory organ secreting multiple muscle factors. Therefore, it is important to maintain the normal quantity and function of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle mass is the basis of skeletal muscle function and is often affected by many factors such as exercise and disease. Resistance exercise training induces increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells, while limb disuse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cachexia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and many other pathological conditions lead to decreased protein synthesis or enhanced protein degradation of skeletal muscle cells. The process of skeletal muscle hypertrophy involves changes in multiple signaling pathways, such as IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, myostatin and G protein. On the other hand, activations of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, IGF-1/Akt/FoxO, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, NF-κB, and the glucocorticoid-mediated signaling pathways play important roles in regulating muscle atrophy. These signaling pathways regulate skeletal muscle mass and are modulated by some different conditions. This review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways of skeletal muscle mass control. 

Key words: skeletal muscle mass; hypertrophy; atrophy; signaling pathway

收稿日期：2018-10-18　　录用日期：2019-02-13

通讯作者：肖卫华　　E-mail: xiaoweihua1115@163.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0021

引用本文：

郑莉芳, 陈佩杰, 肖卫华. 骨骼肌质量控制信号通路[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (4): 671-679.

ZHENG Li-Fang, CHEN Pei-Jie, XIAO Wei-Hua. Signaling pathways controlling skeletal muscle mass. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (4): 671-679 (in Chinese with English abstract).