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肥大细胞激活相关受体及其功能研究进展

江玉翠¹, 叶凡², 杜莹¹, 唐宗湘^1,*

¹南京中医药大学医学与生命科学院生理学系，南京 210023；²吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院生物科学系，吉首 416000

摘要

肥大细胞广泛分布于机体各个部位，常见于机体与外部环境之间的粘膜表面，是重要的免疫细胞之一，在固有免疫、适应性免疫及免疫调节中发挥着重要的作用。研究表明，肥大细胞的过度激活与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏、急慢性瘙痒等过敏性及炎性疾病的发生、发展密切相关，主要表现为肥大细胞向炎症部位浸润并释放多种过敏介质。阻断肥大细胞激活可作为有效治疗过敏性及炎性疾病的手段之一，因此与肥大细胞激活相关的受体是临床药物开发的有效靶点。激活肥大细胞的相关受体种类较多，并且不同的受体所介导产生的效应也不尽相同，新的肥大细胞受体不断被发现，然而，对这些研究的梳理比较少。本综述总结了参与肥大细胞激活的相关受体，依据不同效应对受体进行分类，并对其下游信号通路及应用进行阐述。

关键词： 肥大细胞; 受体; 功能; 信号通路

分类号：R332;R363.2;R329.2

Research progress of mast cell activation-related receptors and their functions

JIANG Yu-Cui¹, YE Fan², DU Ying¹, TANG Zong-Xiang^1,*

¹Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China；²Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China

Abstract

Mast cells are widely distributed in various parts of the body, especially in the mucosal surface between the body and the external environment. Mast cell is one of the important immune cells and plays important roles in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and immune regulation. Previous researches have shown that excessive activation of mast cells is closely related to the development of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, acute and chronic itching. Mast cells infiltrate into the inflammation site and release various allergic mediators during the occurrence and development of these diseases. Therefore, termination of mast cell activation can be one of the effective methods for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases, and receptors related to mast cell activation are potential targets for the development of anti-allergic drugs. There are many receptors related to mast cell activation, and the effects mediated by different receptors varied from each other. In the recent years, new mast cell receptors are being discovered, but there are not many literatures discussing the possible functions of these newly discovered receptors. This review aims to summarize the receptors involved in mast cell activation and classify related receptors according to their effects. 

Key words: mast cells; receptors; function; signaling pathway

收稿日期：2018-09-11　　录用日期：2018-11-19

通讯作者：唐宗湘　　E-mail: zongxiangtang@njucm.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0042

引用本文：

江玉翠, 叶凡, 杜莹, 唐宗湘. 肥大细胞激活相关受体及其功能研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (4): 645-656.

JIANG Yu-Cui, YE Fan, DU Ying, TANG Zong-Xiang. Research progress of mast cell activation-related receptors and their functions. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (4): 645-656 (in Chinese with English abstract).