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环状RNA研究进展

齐玉涵¹, 刘泽鹏¹, 张伟杰¹, 石平凡², 覃塽², 邵志华^2,*

¹同济大学口腔医学院，上海 200092；²同济大学医学院再生医学系，上海 20009

摘要

环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)是一类不具有3’端poly(A)和5’端帽子结构的、以共价键首尾相连的单链内源闭合环状RNA。CircRNA具有广泛性、多样性、稳定性和保守性等特点，其具有转录调控和蛋白质翻译等功能。本文从circRNA的生物合成机制、分类、表达、生物学功能、与疾病的关系，以及鉴定与分析方法等方面对近年来的研究进展作一综述，并展望了circRNA的应用前景和研究方向。

关键词： 环状RNA; 生物合成; 功能; 疾病

分类号：Q28;Q74;R34

Research advance in circular RNAs

QI Yu-Han¹, LIU Ze-Peng¹, ZHANG Wei-Jie¹, SHI Ping-Fan², QIN Shuang², SHAO Zhi-Hua^2,*

¹School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China；²Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous, covalently closed, single-stranded RNA without 3’-poly(A) and 5’-cap structures. CircRNAs are characterized by universality, diversity, stability and conservation, and have been found to regulate mammalian transcription and be translated into proteins. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis, classification, expression, distribution, biological functions and regulation of circRNAs. In addition, we discussed the association of circRNAs with diseases and the methods for identification and characterization of circRNAs. Finally, we speculated the application prospect and research direction of circRNAs.

Key words: circular RNAs; biogenesis; function; disease

收稿日期：2018-10-13　　录用日期：2018-12-13

通讯作者：邵志华　　E-mail: zhihua_shao@163.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0052

引用本文：

齐玉涵, 刘泽鹏, 张伟杰, 石平凡, 覃塽, 邵志华. 环状RNA研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (4): 613-624.

QI Yu-Han, LIU Ze-Peng, ZHANG Wei-Jie, SHI Ping-Fan, QIN Shuang, SHAO Zhi-Hua. Research advance in circular RNAs. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (4): 613-624 (in Chinese with English abstract).