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易化型葡萄糖转运体的表达、分布及相关疾病的研究进展

魏兰兰¹, 任煦², 赵妍妍¹, 王莉², 赵玉峰^1,*

¹西安医学院基础医学部基础医学研究所，西安 710021；²西安交通大学第二附属医院肾脏内科，西安 710004

摘要

易化型葡萄糖转运体(glucose transporters, GLUT)是指以易化扩散形式介导葡萄糖跨膜转运的蛋白，对细胞能量代谢调控至关重要，近年相关研究甚多。目前已知易化型GLUT亚型有14种，其分布和生理功能存在明显的组织特异性。本文就14种易化型GLUT亚型的组织细胞分布、亚细胞定位、表达调控、主要作用以及与疾病发生的关系等进行总结，以助于深入理解易化型GLUT亚型的生理与病理生理意义。

关键词： 易化型葡萄糖转运体; 组织分布; 表达调控; 生理功能

分类号：Q493; R333.6

Facilitative glucose transporters: expression, distribution and the relationship to diseases 

WEI Lan-Lan¹, REN Xu², ZHAO Yan-Yan¹, WANG Li², ZHAO Yu-Feng^1,*

¹Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China；²Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, China

Abstract

Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) are proteins that mediate glucose transmembrane transport in the form of facilitated diffusion, which play an important role in regulating cell energy metabolism. There are many breakthroughs in researches of facilitative GLUT in recent years. It has been known that there are 14 subtypes of facilitative GLUT with obvious tissue specificity in distribution and physiological function. In the present review, the tissue and cellular distribution, subcellular localization, expression regulation, physiological function and the relationship to diseases of facilitative GLUT subtypes were summarized, in order to further understand their physiological and pathophysiological significances.

Key words: facilitative glucose transporters; tissue distribution; expression regulation; physiological function

收稿日期：2018-06-09　　录用日期：2018-09-12

通讯作者：赵玉峰　　E-mail: yufeng.zhao@xiyi.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0084

引用本文：

魏兰兰, 任煦, 赵妍妍, 王莉, 赵玉峰. 易化型葡萄糖转运体的表达、分布及相关疾病的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (2): 350-360.

WEI Lan-Lan, REN Xu, ZHAO Yan-Yan, WANG Li, ZHAO Yu-Feng. Facilitative glucose transporters: expression, distribution and the relationship to diseases . Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (2): 350-360 (in Chinese with English abstract).