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情绪面孔注意偏向的加工机制：愤怒和快乐优势效应

许茜如^1,2, 何蔚祺¹, 叶超雄^1,2, 罗文波^1,*

¹辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心，大连 116029；²于韦斯屈莱大学心理学系，于韦斯屈莱 40014，芬兰

摘要

由于情绪信息在个体社交生活中的重要地位，情绪面孔的注意偏向问题已成为当今注意研究领域中的一个热点问题。然而，目前对于情绪面孔注意偏向加工机制的问题还存在很大争论。即使采用相似的实验程序和刺激材料，不同研究者获得的研究结果仍不一致或存在冲突。部分结果表明，愤怒面孔会自动吸引注意，表现愤怒优势效应；相反，越来越多的证据支持存在注意偏向的是快乐面孔而非愤怒面孔，即存在快乐优势效应。本文对支持不同优势效应的行为和认知神经科学证据进行整合，指出刺激材料选择、实验程序设定以及加工进程这三个方面的差异可能是造成这两种优势冲突的主要原因。根据既往研究的对比分析，未来还需要进一步对实验材料和程序进行控制，并结合认知神经科学技术手段对愤怒和快乐优势效应的加工机制进一步深入研究，以解决其背后的争论。

关键词： 注意偏向; 愤怒优势; 快乐优势; 视觉搜索

分类号：B842.6

Attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces: anger and happiness superiority effects 

XU Qian-Ru^1,2, HE Wei-Qi¹, YE Chao-Xiong^1,2, LUO Wen-Bo^1,*

¹Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China；²Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland

Abstract

Emotional information is critical for our social life, in which attentional bias is now a focus in the study on attention. However, the attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces still arouses huge controversy. Using similar experimental paradigms and stimuli, the published studies have yielded contradictory results. Some studies suggest that angry faces could automatically stimulate attention, that is, there is an anger superiority effect. On the contrary, lines of growing evidence support the existence of a happiness superiority effect, suggesting that the superiority effect is shown in happy faces rather than angry faces. In the present paper, the behavioral and neuroscience studies of anger and happiness superiority effects are combined. It is found that there are three major reasons for the debate over the two types of effects, which include the choice of stimulus materials, the difference of paradigm setting, and the different stages of emotional processing. By comparatively integrating the previous published results, we highlight that the future studies should further control the experimental materials and procedures, and investigate the processing mechanism of anger and happiness superiority effects by combining cognitive neurobiology means to resolve the disputes.

Key words: attentional bias; anger superiority effect; happiness superiority effect; visual search

收稿日期：2018-04-30　　录用日期：2018-07-27

通讯作者：罗文波　　E-mail: luowb@lnnu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0098

引用本文：

许茜如, 何蔚祺, 叶超雄, 罗文波. 情绪面孔注意偏向的加工机制：愤怒和快乐优势效应[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 86-94.

XU Qian-Ru, HE Wei-Qi, YE Chao-Xiong, LUO Wen-Bo. Attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces: anger and happiness superiority effects . Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 86-94 (in Chinese with English abstract).