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连接视觉长时记忆与视觉工作记忆的认知及其神经机制

张引¹, 梁腾飞¹, 陈江涛¹, 叶超雄^1,2, 刘强^1,*

¹辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心，大连 116029；²于韦斯屈莱大学心理学系，于韦斯屈莱 40014，芬兰

摘要

视觉记忆系统主要由视觉长时记忆与视觉工作记忆组成，是人类信息存储的重要方式。自从Baddeley提出工作记忆的多成分模型以来，视觉工作记忆独立于长时记忆系统的观点一直占据着主导地位。然而，新的理论证据则支持两者之间具有紧密联系。基于所存储的信息具有不同表征状态的三嵌套成分模型，就把长时记忆与工作记忆纳入到一个统一的记忆系统中。一方面，视觉长时记忆能够利用其持久存储的性质来支持工作记忆的运作；另一方面，来自神经影像的证据也表明两者涉及共同的神经机制，并且整个视觉记忆系统呈现出从初级感觉皮层向前额叶皮层逐步递进的加工方式。同时，本文也为二者关系的未来研究提供展望。

关键词： 视觉长时记忆; 视觉工作记忆; 内侧颞叶; 注意焦点

分类号：R338.64

The underlying mechanism for the connection between visual long-term memory and visual working memory

ZHANG Yin¹, LIANG Teng-Fei¹, CHEN Jiang-Tao¹, YE Chao-Xiong^1,2, LIU Qiang^1,*

¹Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China；²Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland

Abstract

Visual memory, mainly composed of visual long-term memory (VLTM) and visual working memory (VWM), is an important mechanism of human information storage. Since Baddeley proposed the multicomponent working memory model, the idea that VWM is independent of the VLTM system has been widely accepted. However, the new theoretical evidence suggested a close connection between VLTM and VWM. For instance, the three embedded components model describes the VLTM and VWM in the same framework, which suggests that VWM is only a distinct state of VLTM. On the one hand, the operating function of VWM is supported by the persistence of VLTM. On the other hand, the evidence from neuroimaging studies shows that VWM and VLTM tasks activate some same brain areas. In addition, the whole visual memory system shows a trend of processing from early visual cortex to prefrontal cortex. The present article not only reviews the current studies about the relationship between VLTM and VWM but also gives some forecasts for future studies.

Key words: visual long-term memory; visual working memory; medial temporal lobe; the focus of attention

收稿日期：2018-05-16　　录用日期：2018-10-08

通讯作者：刘强　　E-mail: lq780614@163.com

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2018.0093

引用本文：

张引, 梁腾飞, 陈江涛, 叶超雄, 刘强. 连接视觉长时记忆与视觉工作记忆的认知及其神经机制[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 62-72.

ZHANG Yin, LIANG Teng-Fei, CHEN Jiang-Tao, YE Chao-Xiong, LIU Qiang. The underlying mechanism for the connection between visual long-term memory and visual working memory. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 62-72 (in Chinese with English abstract).