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轮廓加工的认知神经机制

吴苾婵¹, 莫测^1,2,3,4,5,*

¹北京大学心理与认知科学学院，北京 100871；²北京大学北京市行为与心理健康重点实验室，北京 100871；³北京大学北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心，北京 100871；⁴北京大学机器感知与智能教育部重点实验室，北京 100871；⁵北京大学PKU-IDG麦戈文脑科学研究所，北京 100871

摘要

视觉加工的核心是对视觉场景中与认知行为相关的客体进行区分与识别。自然情境下的视觉输入往往由极为复杂的三维场景信息组成，包含多个视觉客体。一般认为，视觉轮廓信息是对视觉图像进行划分，识别客体的重要依据。为此，视觉科学家们对视觉轮廓加工的认知神经机制进行了大量的研究与探索。然而，这些研究往往仅仅集中于轮廓加工的某一方面或特定阶段，迄今尚未有学者针对关于轮廓加工的研究结果进行系统性的总结。我们提出，视觉轮廓加工共包括轮廓检测、轮廓从属判断、轮廓整合三个相互作用的关键性阶段，并在综合现有电生理、人类脑成像及脑电研究证据的基础上，分别对这三个阶段对应的神经生理特性、加工机理与信息交互机制进行探讨。最后，我们列举了进一步研究轮廓加工认知神经机制所面临的主要挑战。

关键词： 轮廓知觉; 轮廓检测; 轮廓从属判断; 轮廓整合

分类号：R338;R318;Q42

The cognitive neural mechanism of contour processing

WU Bi-Chan¹, MO Ce^1,2,3,4,5,*

¹School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing 100871, China；²Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Beijing 100871, China；³Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China；⁴Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100871, China；⁵PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Abstract

The core of visual processing is the identification and recognition of the objects relevant to cognitive behaviors. In natural environment, visual input is often comprised of highly complex 3-dimensional signals involving multiple visual objects. One critical determinant of object recognition is visual contour. Despite substantial insights on visual contour processing gained from previous findings, these studies have focused on limited aspects or particular stages of contour processing. So far, a systematic perspective of contour processing that comprehensively incorporates previous evidence is still missing. We therefore propose an integrated framework of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of contour processing, which involves three mutually interacting cognitive stages: contour detection, border ownership assignment and contour integration. For each stage, we provide an elaborated discussion of the neural properties, processing mechanism, and its functional interaction with the other stages by summarizing the relevant electrophysiological and human cognitive neuroscience evidence. Finally, we present the major challenges for further unraveling the mechanisms of visual contour processing. 

Key words: contour perception; contour detection; border ownership assignment; contour integration

收稿日期：2018-05-18　　录用日期：2018-08-14

通讯作者：莫测　　E-mail: moce@pku.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2019.0002

引用本文：

吴苾婵, 莫测. 轮廓加工的认知神经机制[J]. 生理学报 2019; 71 (1): 53-61.

WU Bi-Chan, MO Ce. The cognitive neural mechanism of contour processing. Acta Physiol Sin 2019; 71 (1): 53-61 (in Chinese with English abstract).