过刊浏览

髓鞘脂质的代谢与功能研究进展

李政灏¹, 鲁凤凤², 邵麒¹, 朱妹², 曹莉^1,*

¹第二军医大学神经科学研究所，分子神经生物学教育部重点实验室，上海 200433；²安徽大学健康科学研究院，合肥 230601

摘要

髓鞘是包绕神经轴突的高度特化的膜性结构，其主要功能是保护轴突、绝缘和维持神经冲动的跳跃式传导。髓鞘膜富含脂质，其脂质构成与其他生物膜明显不同。由于髓鞘的形成需要高水平的脂质合成，多种脂代谢紊乱性疾病均可导致髓鞘的完整性被破坏。针对各种脂质合成通路关键分子的转基因小鼠研究有利于我们清楚地认识髓鞘脂质的功能。此外，成髓鞘神经胶质细胞对外源性脂质的摄取也可在髓鞘形成中发挥作用。了解髓鞘脂质的代谢与功能，将有助于我们深入认识脂质在髓鞘损伤和疾病中的作用，并且为脱髓鞘疾病的治疗提供新的策略。本文就脂质在髓鞘形成和维持过程中的代谢和功能相关研究进展作一综述。

关键词： 髓鞘; 脂质 ; 脂代谢 ; 脂代谢障碍性疾病

分类号：R744.5;R363.2;R589.2;Q421;Q493.5

Progress in metabolism and function of myelin lipids

LI Zheng-Hao¹, LU Feng-Feng², SHAO Qi¹, ZHU Mei², Cao Li^1,*

¹Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China；²Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

Abstract

Myelin is a highly specialized membrane structure, wrapping around the axons. It is essential for the protection of axons, insulation and maintenance of the saltatory conduction of the action potential. Myelin membrane is rich in lipids, however, the lipid composition varies significantly from other biological membranes. Since myelination requires extraordinarily high level of lipid synthesis, the integrity of myelin is susceptible to numerous lipid metabolism disorders. Studies on transgenic mice targeting key molecules of various lipid biosynthesis pathways have elucidated the lipid metabolism and functions of myelin. Besides, myelinating glial cells have a remarkable capacity to take up extracellular lipids, which also contributes to myelination. Therefore, understanding the metabolism and functions of myelin lipids will help us to understand the role of lipids in myelin damage-related diseases and provide novel strategies for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. In this paper, some progresses in metabolism and functions of myelin lipids are reviewed.

Key words: myelin; lipids ; lipid metabolism ; lipid metabolism disorders

收稿日期：2017-04-05　　录用日期：2017-11-06

通讯作者：曹莉　　E-mail: caoli@smmu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2017.0083

引用本文：

李政灏, 鲁凤凤, 邵麒, 朱妹, 曹莉. 髓鞘脂质的代谢与功能研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2017; 69 (6): 817-829.

LI Zheng-Hao, LU Feng-Feng, SHAO Qi, ZHU Mei, Cao Li. Progress in metabolism and function of myelin lipids. Acta Physiol Sin 2017; 69 (6): 817-829 (in Chinese with English abstract).