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海马神经振荡的产生机制和功能

卢凝¹, 邢丹琴^2,3, 盛涛³, 陆巍^3,*

¹东南大学吴健雄学院，南京 210096；²南京邮电大学地理与生物信息学院，南京 210046；³南大学生命科学研究院，“发育与疾病相关基因”教育部重点实验室，南京 210096

摘要

神经元集群(neuronal ensemble)的节律性活动往往能诱导产生清晰可见的神经振荡，反映着该群神经元规则化和同步化的活动。通常依据频率可将神经振荡分为delta振荡(0.5~3 Hz)、theta振荡(4~12 Hz)、beta振荡(12~30 Hz)、gamma振荡(30~100 Hz)和尖波涟漪(sharp-wave ripples, SWR)(>100 Hz的纹波叠加在0.01~3 Hz的尖波上)。这些神经振荡在人和动物的许多脑区中出现，常伴随着感觉、运动、睡眠等行为产生，在认知、学习和记忆巩固过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文简要回顾海马脑区神经振荡的研究历程，对其中的最重要的三种神经振荡——theta振荡、gamma振荡和SWR的产生机制、主要功能及各频率神经振荡的相互作用作出概述，并对今后的研究方向作出展望。

关键词： 海马，神经振荡; theta振荡 ; gamma振荡 ; 尖波涟漪

分类号：Q424

The mechanism and function of hippocampal neural oscillation

LU Ning¹, XING Dan-Qin^2,3, SHENG Tao³, LU Wei^3,*

¹Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China；²College of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China；³The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Abstract

Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system that is usually generated by oscillatory activity of neuronal ensembles, reflecting regular and synchronized activities within these cell populations. According to several oscillatory bands covering frequencies from approximately 0.5 Hz to >100 Hz, neural oscillations are usually classified as delta oscillation (0.5–3 Hz), theta oscillation (4–12 Hz), beta oscillation (12–30 Hz), gamma oscillation (30–100 Hz) and sharp-wave ripples (>100 Hz ripples superimposed on 0.01–3 Hz sharp waves). Neural oscillation in different frequencies can be detected in different brain regions of human and animal during perception, motion and sleep, and plays an essential role in cognition, learning and memory process. In this review, we summarize recent findings on neural oscillations in hippocampus, as well as the mechanism and function of hippocampal theta oscillation, gamma oscillation and sharp-wave ripples. This review may yield new insights into the functions of neural oscillation in general.

Key words: hippocampus, neural oscillation; theta oscillation ; gamma oscillation ; sharp-wave ripples

收稿日期：2017-04-20　　录用日期：2017-08-18

通讯作者：陆巍　　E-mail: luwei@seu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2017.0052

引用本文：

卢凝, 邢丹琴, 盛涛, 陆巍. 海马神经振荡的产生机制和功能[J]. 生理学报 2017; 69 (5): 647-656.

LU Ning, XING Dan-Qin, SHENG Tao, LU Wei. The mechanism and function of hippocampal neural oscillation. Acta Physiol Sin 2017; 69 (5): 647-656 (in Chinese with English abstract).