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水通道蛋白-4在突触可塑性及学习记忆中的作用

武鑫, 高剑峰^*

河南中医药大学基础医学院生理学学科，郑州 450008

摘要

水通道蛋白-4 (aquaporin-4, AQP-4)作为水通道蛋白家族之一，在中枢神经系统具有广泛的分布，且在星形胶质细胞终足上高表达。研究表明，AQP-4可通过调节星形胶质细胞的功能在维持脑内水稳态、脑体积和神经元兴奋性等方面发挥重要的作用。但是AQP-4在突触可塑性、学习记忆及认知等方面所发挥的作用还不明了。突触功能可塑性的变化按其性质的不同可分为长时程增强(long term potentiation, LTP)和长时程抑制(long term depression, LTD)，两者被公认为是学习记忆的神经生物学基础。海马区是调节学习记忆过程的核心脑区，其突触可塑性与学习记忆有密切的关系。本文旨在综述AQP-4与海马区突触可塑性及相关学习记忆的关系研究进展，并展望AQP-4作为新的靶点在认知功能障碍中的可能作用，为临床治疗相关神经系统疾病提供新的思路与方向。

关键词： 水通道蛋白-4; 海马区; 突触可塑性; 学习记忆; 星形胶质细胞

分类号：R33

[Involvement of aquaporin-4 in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory.] [Article in Chinese]

WU Xin, GAO Jian-Feng^*

Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China

Abstract

Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is the predominant water channel in the central nervous system (CNS) and primarily expressed in
astrocytes. Astrocytes have been generally believed to play important roles in regulating synaptic plasticity and information processing. However, the role of AQP-4 in regulating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, cognitive function is only beginning to be investigated. It is well known that synaptic plasticity is the prime candidate for mediating of learning and memory. Long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD) are two forms of synaptic plasticity, and they share some but not all the properties and mechanisms. Hippocampus is a part of limbic system that is particularly important in regulation of learning and memory. This article is to review some research progresses of the function of AQP-4 in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and propose the possible role of AQP-4 as a new target in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.

Key words: aquaporin-4; hippocampus; synaptic plasticity; learning and memory; astrocyte

收稿日期：2016-11-16　　录用日期：2016-12-12

通讯作者：高剑峰　　E-mail: jc.gjfeng@hotmail.com

引用本文：

武鑫, 高剑峰. 水通道蛋白-4在突触可塑性及学习记忆中的作用[J]. 生理学报 2017; 69 (3): 335-343.

WU Xin, GAO Jian-Feng. [Involvement of aquaporin-4 in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2017; 69 (3): 335-343 (in Chinese with English abstract).