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胃肠平滑肌运动单位SIP合胞体的生理与病理生理学意义

宋妮娜, 许文燮^*

上海交通大学医学院生理学教研室，上海 200240

摘要

胃肠平滑肌层富有特殊分化的两种间质细胞，包括Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of Cajal, ICC)以及血小板衍生因子受体α阳性细胞(platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells，PDGFRα+细胞)。ICC和PDGFRα+细胞分别与平滑肌细胞(smooth muscle cells, SMC)形成缝隙连接调控平滑肌的收缩功能，因此，这三种细胞共同构成功能性的合胞体，称为SMC、ICC和PDGFRα+细胞合胞体(SIP合胞体)。各种神经递质、体液因子、内源性生物活性分子以及药物等可以通过SIP合胞体影响胃肠运动。本文综述了SIP合胞体及其作用机制以及生理与病理生理学意义。

关键词： Cajal间质细胞; 血小板衍生因子受体α阳性细胞; SIP合胞体; 肠神经

分类号：R333;Q48

[Physiological and pathophysiological meanings of gastrointestinal smooth muscle motor unit SIP syncytium.] [Article in Chinese]

SONG Ni-Na, XU Wen-Xie^*

Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China

Abstract

Gastrointestinal smooth muscle layer contains two kinds of interstitial cells with special differentiation, i.e., interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive (PDGFRα+) cells. The ICC and PDGFRα+ cells contact with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by gap junctions and regulate contractive function of the SMCs. Therefore, these three kinds of cells constitute a functional syncytium, i.e., the SMC, ICC and PDGFRα+ cells syncytium (SIP syncytium). Various neurotransmitters, humoral factors, endogenous bioactive molecules, as well as drugs regulate gastrointestinal motility through the SIP syncytium. In this review, we introduce the concept of SIP syncytium and summarize functions of the syncytium, as well as its physiological and pathological significances.

Key words: interstitial cells of Cajal; platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells; SIP syncytium; enteric nervous system

收稿日期：2016-05-03　　录用日期：2016-07-01

通讯作者：许文燮　　E-mail: wenxiexu@sjtu.edu.cn

引用本文：

宋妮娜, 许文燮. 胃肠平滑肌运动单位SIP合胞体的生理与病理生理学意义[J]. 生理学报 2016; 68 (5): 621-627.

SONG Ni-Na, XU Wen-Xie. [Physiological and pathophysiological meanings of gastrointestinal smooth muscle motor unit SIP syncytium.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2016; 68 (5): 621-627 (in Chinese with English abstract).