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神经元兴奋性的细胞周围调制

陈宜张^*

第二军医大学神经科学研究所，上海 200433

摘要

突触传递的调制对脑功能有十分重要的作用，以往也有不少讨论，但对神经元兴奋性的调制，尤其细胞周围兴奋性的调制则讨论较少。所谓神经元兴奋性的细胞周围调制，意指对非突触部位神经元膜电位的调制。近来，由于许多新现象的发现，使得神经元兴奋性的细胞周围调制的重要性更加显露。神经元的细胞周围调制可以在以下几种情况下发生：通过突触外区受体的张力性抑制或兴奋，邻近细胞分泌的旁分泌性作用，来自血液循环的激素的作用。神经元兴奋性细胞周围调制的意义不可小觑，它可能与许多重要脑功能有直接关系，例如，脑功能状态(如觉醒和睡眠)的维持和转变，模糊、混沌的内态感(feeling)的产生；而这些又往往是许多神经及神智(mental)疾病的特征性表现和症状。

关键词： 神经元兴奋性; 神经调制; 细胞周围调制

分类号：Q42

Ambient modulation of neuronal excitability

CHEN Yi-Zhang^*

Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

Abstract

Although the modulation of synaptic activity plays an important role in the modulation of neuronal excitability, the significance of the ambient modulation (AM) of neuronal excitability should be emphasized. The AM refers to the alterations of membrane potential of neuron resulted from distinct neural activities, such as the tonic inhibition and excitation through activation of extra-synaptic receptors, the paracrine actions of nearby neural and non-neural cells, endocrinal actions of blood borne hormones and other active chemical substances. The AM of neuronal excitability may have important bearings on distinct brain functions, such as the regulation and switching of cortical states, the appearance of chaotic and vague feelings, which are usually the characteristic features in many mental and neural disorders.

Key words: neuronal excitability; neuromodulation; ambient modulation

收稿日期：2015-12-02　　录用日期：2015-12-29

通讯作者：陈宜张　　E-mail: chenyizhang1927@163.com

引用本文：

陈宜张. 神经元兴奋性的细胞周围调制[J]. 生理学报 2016; 68 (4): 385-390.

CHEN Yi-Zhang. Ambient modulation of neuronal excitability. Acta Physiol Sin 2016; 68 (4): 385-390 (in Chinese with English abstract).