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失重/模拟失重条件下心肌萎缩的发生机制

钟国徽, 凌树宽, 李英贤^*

中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室，北京 100094

摘要

心肌能够应对内外环境改变而发生重塑。失重/模拟失重等去负荷条件可导致心肌萎缩、心脏功能下降。从系统和细胞分子层面揭示失重/模拟失重造成心肌萎缩的机制对于航天飞行后心血管功能紊乱的对抗研究至关重要。失重/模拟失重导致机体血流动力负荷下降、代谢需求降低和神经内分泌变化；同时导致包括钙相关信号、NF-κB通路、ERK通路、泛素-蛋白酶体途径以及自噬等通路的改变，上述变化在心肌萎缩的发生发展过程中发挥着关键调控作用。本文从系统和细胞分子层面对失重/模拟失重引起心肌萎缩的发生机制进行综述。

关键词： 失重/模拟失重; 心肌萎缩; 生理机制; 分子机制

分类号：Q7

[Mechanism of cardiac atrophy under weightlessness/simulated weightlessness.] [Article in Chinese]

ZHONG Guo-Hui, LING Shu-Kuan, LI Ying-Xian^*

State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China

Abstract

Cardiac remodeling is the heart’s response to external or internal stimuli. Weightlessness/simulated weightlessness leads to cardiac atrophy and heart function declining. Understanding the mechanism of cardiac atrophy under weightlessness is important to help astronaut recover from unloading-induced cardiovascular changes after spaceflight. Unloading-induced changes of hemodynamics, metabolic demands and neurohumoral regulation contribute to cardiac atrophy and function declining. During this process, Ca2+-related signaling, NF-κB signaling, ERK signaling, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy are involved in weightlessness-induced cardiac atrophy. This article reviews the underlying mechanism of cardiac atrophy under weightlessness/simulated weightlessness.

Key words: weightlessness/simulated weightlessness; cardiac atrophy; physiological mechanism; molecular mechanism

收稿日期：2015-10-12　　录用日期：2015-12-09

通讯作者：李英贤　　E-mail: yingxianli@aliyun.com

引用本文：

钟国徽, 凌树宽, 李英贤. 失重/模拟失重条件下心肌萎缩的发生机制[J]. 生理学报 2016; 68 (2): 194-200.

ZHONG Guo-Hui, LING Shu-Kuan, LI Ying-Xian. [Mechanism of cardiac atrophy under weightlessness/simulated weightlessness.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2016; 68 (2): 194-200 (in Chinese with English abstract).