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生理性别和生理周期对条件性关联学习和条件性消退的影响：事件相关电位研究

金艳, 郑希付

惠州学院教育科学系，惠州 516007；华南师范大学心理学院，广州 510631

摘要

研究显示条件性关联学习和条件性消退存在周期相关差异。近年来，学者们采用事件相关电位技术分析关联学习和消退的情况。本研究旨在用事件相关电位技术和条件性关联学习模型相结合的方法，考察生理性别和女性生理周期对条件性关联学习和条件性消退的影响。实验分为两个阶段：条件性关联学习阶段和消退阶段。在条件性关联学习阶段，在可预测情境下，条件刺激后100%匹配负性或中性图片；在不可预测情境下，条件刺激之后20%匹配负性或中性图片。在消退阶段，只出现条件性刺激，从不出现图片。结果显示，在条件性关联学习阶段，黄体期女性较男性表现增大的P2波幅，经期女性也较男性表现更大的P2波幅。在消退阶段，黄体期女性较男性体现更大的P2波幅，而男性和经期女性的P2波幅没有显著差异。以上结果表明女性生理周期影响条件性关联学习和条件性消退的性别差异，提示黄体期女性较男性对条件性关联学习和条件性消退投入了更多的注意资源，习得更强的条件刺激和非条件刺激之间的联结，且消退得更慢，这可能是女性月经前焦虑障碍的原因之一。

关键词： 生理周期; 条件性关联学习; 条件性消退; 事件相关电位

分类号：B845

[The influence of sex and menstrual cycle on conditioned acquisition and extinction: Event-related potential research.] [Article in Chinese]

JIN Yan, ZHENG Xi-Fu

Department of Education and Science, Huizhou College, Huizhou 516007, China； College of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Abstract

Previous studies have indicated phase-related differences in conditioned acquisition and extinction. In recent years, many researchers used event-related potential (ERP) technology to assess the extent of the acquisition and extinction. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the sex- and menstrual cycle-dependent effects on the conditioned acquisition and extinction using ERP technology. Thirty-two females at two phases (menses phase, FM, and luteal phase, FL) of their menstrual cycle and 16 males participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of two stages: acquisition stage and extinction stage. In the acquisition stage, in the predictable context, a condition stimulus (CS) was always followed by the presentation of a negative picture or a neutral picture; but in the unpredictable context, a CS was paired with a negative picture or a neutral picture 20% of the time. In the extinction stage, only CS was presented. The results showed that at acquisition stage, significant larger P2 amplitudes were recorded in female subjects in FL and FM in comparison with those of males. The female subjects in FL may acquire the strongest CS-US conditional connection. At extinction stage, the female subjects in FL showed larger P2 amplitudes than males, but there were no significant differences in P2 amplitudes between the males and females in FM. The results suggest that the females in FL allocate more attention resources to the acquisition of a conditioned response and delayed extinction. In conclusion, we suggest that female menstrual cycle may modulate conditioned acquisition and extinction processes, and our ERP data may provide an explanation for the premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Key words: menstrual cycle; conditioned acquisition; conditioned extinction; event-related potential

收稿日期：2015-04-09　　录用日期：2015-07-23

通讯作者：郑希付　　E-mail: zhengxf@scnu.edu.cn

引用本文：

金艳, 郑希付. 生理性别和生理周期对条件性关联学习和条件性消退的影响：事件相关电位研究[J]. 生理学报 2015; 67 (5): 470-478.

JIN Yan, ZHENG Xi-Fu. [The influence of sex and menstrual cycle on conditioned acquisition and extinction: Event-related potential research.] [Article in Chinese]. Acta Physiol Sin 2015; 67 (5): 470-478 (in Chinese with English abstract).