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源自巴西野生动物的毒液、毒素及其衍生物：药物开发的重要来源

Flávia De Marco Almeida, Adriano Monteiro de Castro Pimenta, Mô, nica Cristina Oliveira1, Maria Elena De Lima

Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy； Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil

摘要

在药物研发领域，野生动物的毒液正被广泛研究，许多基于毒液组分的研究以生物技术应用和专利申请形式被报道。巴西拥有丰富的生物多样性，公布的科研论文和专利申请数量显示了该资源是多么重要。本文报道了一份研究最透彻的巴西有毒动物物种清单及从2000年到2013年的专利申请情况，包括源自巴西有毒物种的毒液成份、毒素及其衍生物。分析了涉及物种的数据、产品类型与发明者的国籍。55个专利申请涉及8个种属，响尾蛇、南美巨蝮蛇、矛头蝮蛇、斜蛛占其中78%。其余22%的专利来自巴西游走蛛、巴西金幽灵蝎、巴西捕鸟蛛、叶水蛙的毒液研究。大多数的发明(42%)包括抗癌、免疫调节剂或抗菌的药物，13%的发明为抗毒血清和疫苗，11%为降压成分，9%为镇痛及抗炎成分，其它25%为一些技术和试剂盒。巴西发明家占专利申请比重的49%，而其它国家如美国、德国、俄罗斯和法国同样发表了巴西动物毒液、毒素或衍生物的专利。虽然巴西拥有着大多数有毒物种的专利，但这些专利主要属于其学校和研究机构，药物工业在这方面依然薄弱。迄今为止，在世界范围内，已将巴西的有毒物种运用于药物研发，但大多数的物种可否作为研发的重要工具，仍然需要作进一步的勘探。

关键词： 专利申请; 有毒物质; 毒液; 毒素; 药物研发

分类号：Q-9;Q965.9

Venoms, toxins and derivatives from the Brazilian fauna: valuable sources for drug discovery

Flávia De Marco Almeida, Adriano Monteiro de Castro Pimenta, Mô, nica Cristina Oliveira1, Maria Elena De Lima

米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学药学院医药部制药技术实验室；生物科学研究所，生化和免疫学系，动物毒液和毒素实验室，米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特 31270-901，巴西

Abstract

Animal venoms have been widely investigated throughout the world. The great number of biotechnological articles as well as patent applications in the field of drug discovery based on these compounds indicates how important the source is. This review presents a list of the most studied Brazilian venomous animal species and shows the most recent patent applications filed from 2000 to 2013, which comprise Brazilian venoms, toxins and derivatives. We analyze the data according to the species, the type of products claimed and the nationality of the inventors. Fifty-five patent applications were found, involving 8 genera. Crotalus, Lachesis, Bothrops and Loxosceles represented 78% of the patent applications. The other 22% were represented by Phoneutria, Tityus, Acanthoscurria and Phyllomedusa. Most of the inventions (42%) involved anticancer, immunomodulator or antimicrobial drugs, while 13% involved anti-venoms and vaccines, 11% involved hypotensive compositions, 9% involved antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory compositions, and the other 25% involved methods, kits or compositions for various purposes. Brazilian inventors filed 49% of the patent applications, but other countries, mainly the United States of America, Germany, Russia and France, also filed patent applications claiming products comprising venoms, toxins and/or derivatives from the Brazilian fauna. Brazil holds an important number of patent applications which mostly belong to universities and research institutes, but the pharmaceutical industry in this field is still weak in Brazil. Although, Brazilian venomous animal species have been reported in drug discovery throughout the world, many species remain to be explored as valuable and promising tools for drug discovery and development.

Key words: venoms; toxins; patents; Brazilian fauna; drug discovery

收稿日期：2015-03-25　　录用日期：2015-05-29

通讯作者：Flávia De Marco Almeida　　E-mail: flaviadma@gmail.com

引用本文：

Flávia De Marco Almeida, Adriano Monteiro de Castro Pimenta, Mô, nica Cristina Oliveira1, Maria Elena De Lima. 源自巴西野生动物的毒液、毒素及其衍生物：药物开发的重要来源[J]. 生理学报 2015; 67 (3): 261-270.

Flávia De Marco Almeida, Adriano Monteiro de Castro Pimenta, Mô, nica Cristina Oliveira1, Maria Elena De Lima. Venoms, toxins and derivatives from the Brazilian fauna: valuable sources for drug discovery. Acta Physiol Sin 2015; 67 (3): 261-270 (in Chinese with English abstract).