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神经移植的新途径──移植的中枢神经元从蛛网膜下腔迁入脊髓和大脑皮层

舒加, 陈钟芳

中国科学院上海生理研究所

摘要

我们在神经移植的研究过程中观察到被移植的中枢神经元能从蛛网膜下腔迁入脊髓和大脑皮层。这一新观察为脊髓和脑浅层大范围神经元缺损时的无损伤神经元引入和大范围去神经区域的神经再支配提供了一种颇具吸引力的可能性。实验动物选用Wistar和S．D．大鼠，将含有胚胎中枢单胺或精氨酸血管加压素（AVP）能神经元的细胞悬浮液或组织块移植到被横断的脊髓或未被横断的脊髓和脑的蛛网膜下腔内。动物分别在移植的同时切断脊髓；在移植前或后一个月切断脊髓；以及不切断脊髓的单独移植。这些动物再饲养1个月或9个月后用免疫组织化学方法跟踪移植神经元的迁移。结果显示：经移植后，在移植区的脊髓内出现数个到数百个不等的TH或AVP兔疫阳性反应胞体和纤维；移植在脑部蛛网膜下腔的5－HT能神经元迁入大脑皮层。这些神经元生长良好，显示出它们的适应和长期存活的能力。但未发现有分散的神经元能在蛛网膜下腔内长期存活。若以组织块为移植物，则可见残留的移植物像"小瘤"附着在脊髓表面。这一现象偶尔也出现在移植细胞悬浮液的动物，其原因可能是悬浮液内的细胞过分集中于蛛网膜下腔的某一局部，但"小瘤"和脊髓间已无软膜可见，免疫阳性反应细胞可同时存在于"小瘤"和相邻的脊髓内；"小瘤"内的胞体发出的纤维能自由地长入脊髓白质。由此可以设想：部分移植细胞在蛛网膜下腔内死亡导致胞内水解酶逸出，软膜遭酶解而损伤。移植的神经元乘机迁人脊髓和大脑皮层。随着移植物被清除，水解酶作用减弱井最终消失，软膜逐渐自行修复。若移植物未能被及时清除，软膜被持续酶解而瓦解并消失，移植物与宿主CNS融为一体。

MA Yong-Jie

2College of Information Engineering, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China

Abstract

In the studies of neural transplantation,Chen and his colleagues observed tha the grafted central neurons could migrate from the subarachnoid space into the spinal cord and cerebral cortex.This finding promises an attractive possibility that a lot of neurons might be introdced into a long distance of the spinal cord and the extensive superficial layer of the brain which has suffered neuronal loss and thus might reinnervate a wide range of denervated area.Female rats were used in the study.Neural tissues or cell suspension containing fetal monoaminergic or arginine vasopressin(AVP)neurons were implanted into the subarachnoid space of the transected spinal cord or the normal brain and spinal cold.The rats were treated in different ways:some were grafted and the spinal cord was cut at the same time;grafted one month later or before the spinal cord was cut;grafted but the brain and spinal cord remained intact.

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引用本文：

舒加, 陈钟芳. 神经移植的新途径──移植的中枢神经元从蛛网膜下腔迁入脊髓和大脑皮层 [J]. 生理学报 1998; 50 (1): .

MA Yong-Jie. . Acta Physiol Sin 1998; 50 (1): (in Chinese with English abstract).