当期文章

单细胞多组学技术在造血干细胞研究中的应用与进展

张奕扬^1,2,3, 董芳^1,3,*

¹中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所)，血液与健康全国重点实验室，国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心，细胞生态海河实验室，天津 300020；²天津医学健康研究院，天津 301600；³北京协和医学院干细胞与再生医学系，天津 300020

摘要

干细胞作为一类具有自我更新与多向分化潜能的细胞，其功能多样性受到内在调控网络与外部微环境的共同影响。传统基于群体水平的研究方法难以精确解析细胞间的异质性，从而限制了对干细胞生物学特性的深入认识。近年来，单细胞分析技术的突破为实现细胞层面的精细观测提供了全新途径。本文以造血干细胞为主要例举，对单细胞转录组、表观基因组、蛋白质组、代谢组、空间组学以及多组学整合分析等技术的原理与进展进行了综述，探讨它们在揭示干细胞异质性、分化路径及状态调控机制等方面的应用，并对单细胞技术在干细胞研究领域的未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词： 单细胞技术; 干细胞; 造血干细胞; 异质性; 多组学整合

Applications and advances of single-cell omics technologies in hematopoietic stem cell research

ZHANG Yi-Yang^1,2,3, DONG Fang^1,3,*

¹Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin 300020, China；²Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China；³PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China

Abstract

Stem cells, as a class of cells possessing self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential, exhibit functional diversity influenced by both intrinsic regulatory networks and external microenvironments. Traditional population-level research methods struggle to precisely resolve cellular heterogeneity, thereby limiting in-depth understanding of stem cell biology. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell analysis technologies have opened new avenues for detailed observation at the cellular level. This review focuses on hematopoietic stem cells as a primary example, summarizing the principles and advancements of single-cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, spatialomics, and multi-omics integration analysis. It explores their applications in revealing stem cell heterogeneity, differentiation pathways, and state regulation mechanisms, while also outlining future directions for single-cell technologies in stem cell research.

Key words: single-cell technology; stem cells; hematopoietic stem cells; heterogeneity; multi-omics integration

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：董芳　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2026.0061

引用本文：

张奕扬, 董芳. 单细胞多组学技术在造血干细胞研究中的应用与进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (4): 741-761.

ZHANG Yi-Yang, DONG Fang. Applications and advances of single-cell omics technologies in hematopoietic stem cell research. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (4): 741-761 (in Chinese with English abstract).