当期文章

细胞表面RNA研究进展

白思佳, 余佳, 杨嘉宾, 马艳妮^*

中国医学科学院北京协和医学院基础医学研究所，重大疾病共性机制研究全国重点实验室，北京 100005

摘要

传统观点认为RNA的生物学功能局限于细胞内部，细胞表面功能性RNA的存在及潜在作用机制长期未被阐明。近年来，细胞表面RNA的发现与功能研究彻底改变了这一传统认知，并证实了其作为一类新型表面功能性分子的重要生物学意义。本文综述了细胞表面RNA领域的最新研究进展，重点围绕其种类与特征、检测与鉴定技术、生成与转运机制，及生物学功能四项内容展开阐述，并对该领域当前存在的技术瓶颈与关键科学问题进行总结，旨在为RNA生物学、糖生物学与免疫学的交叉领域研究提供参考。

关键词： 细胞表面RNA; 糖基化RNA; 细胞膜; 免疫调节

Research progress on cell surface RNA

BAI Si-Jia, YU Jia, YANG Jia-Bin, MA Yan-Ni^*

State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China

Abstract

Conventionally, it is believed that the biological functions of RNA are confined to the interior of cells, and the existence of functional RNAs on cell surface as well as their potential mechanisms of action have long remained unclear. In recent years, the discovery and functional research of cell surface RNA have completely revolutionized this traditional perception, confirming its important biological significance as a class of novel surface functional molecules. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advances in the field of cell surface RNA, focusing on four aspects: its classification and characteristics, detection and identification technologies, biogenesis and transport mechanisms, as well as biological functions. It also summarizes the current technical bottlenecks and key scientific challenges in this field, providing a reference for interdisciplinary studies in RNA biology, glycobiology, and immunology.

Key words: cell surface RNA; glycoRNA; cell membrane; immune regulation

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：马艳妮　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2026.0071

引用本文：

白思佳, 余佳, 杨嘉宾, 马艳妮. 细胞表面RNA研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (4): 723-730.

BAI Si-Jia, YU Jia, YANG Jia-Bin, MA Yan-Ni. Research progress on cell surface RNA. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (4): 723-730 (in Chinese with English abstract).