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高强度运动后乳酸清除率与外周血单核细胞计数相关性研究

毛苏杰¹, 夏帆¹, 王京峰¹, 潘壮丽^2,*

¹哈尔滨体育学院研究生院，哈尔滨 150000；²贵州省体育科学研究所(贵州省反兴奋剂中心)体能训练研究室，贵阳 550000

摘要

本研究旨在探讨优秀运动员乳酸清除率与免疫功能指标之间的相关性，为运动员训练负荷优化和免疫监测提供理论依据。本研究通过横断面观察性研究，选取31 名优秀运动员为研究对象，监测静息免疫细胞计数与高强度运动后3 min、5 min、7 min 及9 min 的乳酸清除率。通过相关性分析、多元回归分析以及逐步回归分析等方法，构建乳酸代谢与免疫反应之间的多维度分析模型，探讨乳酸清除与免疫反应之间的关系及其时效性变化。相关性分析显示，乳酸清除率在3~5 min 与3~7 min 阶段与静息白细胞总数和单核细胞计数显著正相关(P < 0.05)。逐步回归结果显示，静息单核细胞计数在3~7 min 与3~9 min阶段为乳酸清除率的唯一显著预测因子(P < 0.05)，其数量越高，乳酸清除效率越强。本研究揭示了免疫系统在乳酸清除过程中的协同作用及其时间依赖性，高强度运动后早期恢复阶段，乳酸代谢与免疫细胞活性存在统计相关性，提示免疫系统可能参与乳酸清除调节。单核细胞在中后期表现出持续预测效应，为免疫-代谢协同机制提供了新证据，为运动员训练负荷调控与个体化恢复策略提供了理论支持。本研究为精准调整优秀运动员训练负荷、优化个性化恢复策略提供了新的视角。

关键词： 乳酸清除率; 免疫功能; 运动员; 回归分析; 最大摄氧量; 代谢功能

Lactate clearance is positively correlated with peripheral blood monocyte counts after high-intensity exercise

MAO Su-Jie¹, XIA Fan¹, WANG Jing-Feng¹, PAN Zhuang-Li^2,*

¹Graduate School, Harbin Sport University,Harbin 150000, China；²Physical Training Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Anti-Doping Center, Guiyang 550000, China

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the relationship between lactate clearance and immune function in elite athletes, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing training loads and immune monitoring. In this cross-sectional observational study, 31 high-level athletes were recruited. Blood lactate concentrations were measured at 3, 5, 7, and 9 min after high-intensity exercise, whereas immune cell counts were assessed at rest (pre-exercise baseline). The results showed that lactate clearance at 3-5 min and 3-7 min was significantly and positively correlated with rest total white blood cell count and monocyte count (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression further identified rest monocyte count as the only significant predictor of lactate clearance at 3-7 and 3-9 min, suggesting that higher monocyte levels are associated with faster lactate removal. These findings suggest that the immune system may play a supportive role in the early phase of lactate clearance following intense exercise. The time-dependent association between monocytes and lactate clearance points to a potential interaction between immune activity and metabolic recovery. This study provides new insights that may help guide the adjustment of training loads and the development of personalized recovery strategies for elite athletes.

Key words: lactate clearance; immune function; athletes; regression analysis; maximal oxygen uptake; metabolic function

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：潘壮丽　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0083

引用本文：

毛苏杰, 夏帆, 王京峰, 潘壮丽. 高强度运动后乳酸清除率与外周血单核细胞计数相关性研究[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (3): 677-692.

MAO Su-Jie, XIA Fan, WANG Jing-Feng, PAN Zhuang-Li. Lactate clearance is positively correlated with peripheral blood monocyte counts after high-intensity exercise. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (3): 677-692 (in Chinese with English abstract).