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诺贝尔奖视角下的microRNA专利发展态势

相强宇¹, 吴宗震¹, 张璐^1,2,*

¹中国科学技术大学，合肥 230026；²病毒学国家重点实验室，武汉 430072

摘要

2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖表彰了维克托·安布罗斯(Victor Ambros)和加里·鲁夫昆(Gary Ruvkun)在揭示microRNA (miRNA)介导基因调控机制方面的开创性贡献。为了揭示该领域的全球技术创新格局和动态演化趋势，本文基于Derwent Innovation 专利数据库，结合Derwent Data Analyzer 工具，对miRNA领域的57232 条专利数据进行了多维分析。分析结果显示，miRNA技术自2002 年起进入快速增长阶段，并在2022 年达到专利申请高峰，其研究热点集中于肿瘤治疗、基因治疗、分子诊断和核酸药物开发等领域。在全球专利分布中，中国和美国占据主导地位，大学、科研机构和企业构成了技术创新的主体力量。专利权人和发明人网络分析揭示了协同创新和跨学科合作在推动技术发展中的重要性。此外，专利技术关键词和分类码分析表明，miRNA技术在癌症相关标志物研发和治疗靶点挖掘方面展现出显著潜力，同时递送技术和核酸修饰成为突破技术瓶颈的关键方向。未来，miRNA技术将在精准医疗、核酸药物递送和基因治疗中实现更广泛的应用。脂质纳米颗粒、细胞外囊泡等递送技术，以及人工智能驱动的靶点挖掘将显著加速miRNA药物的临床转化。通过专利视角，本研究为miRNA领域的基础研究与产业化发展提供了重要的理论依据和数据支持。

关键词： microRNA; 专利分析; 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖; 态势分析

The development trend of microRNA patents from the perspective of the Nobel Prize

XIANG Qiang-Yu¹, WU Zong-Zhen¹, ZHANG Lu^1,2,*

¹University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China；²State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan 430072, China

Abstract

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of the central role of microRNA (miRNA) in gene regulation. Based on the Derwent Innovation patent database and combined with the Derwent Data Analyzer tool, this study conducted a multidimensional analysis of 57232 patent entries in the field of miRNA, revealing the global technological innovation pattern and dynamic evolution trend in this field. Analysis shows that miRNA technology has entered a rapid growth stage since 2002, and reached the peak of patent applications in 2022, and its research hotspots are concentrated in the fields of tumor therapy, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis and nucleic acid drug development. In the global patent distribution, China and the United States occupy the dominant position, and universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises constitute the main force of technological innovation. Network analysis of patentees and inventors reveals the importance of collaborative innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in driving technological development. In addition, the analysis of patent keywords and classification code shows that miRNA technology has significant potential in the research and development of cancer-related biomarkers and the mining of therapeutic targets, while delivery technology and nucleic acid modification have become the key directions to break the technical bottleneck. In the future, miRNA technology will be more widely used in precision medicine, nucleic acid drug delivery and gene therapy. Delivery technologies such as lipid nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles, as well as AI-driven target mining, will significantly accelerate the clinical application of miRNA drugs. From the perspective of patents, this study provides important theoretical basis and data support for basic research and industrial development in the field of miRNA.

Key words: microRNA; patent analysis; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; situation analysis

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：张璐　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2026.0056

引用本文：

相强宇, 吴宗震, 张璐. 诺贝尔奖视角下的microRNA专利发展态势[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (3): 665-676.

XIANG Qiang-Yu, WU Zong-Zhen, ZHANG Lu. The development trend of microRNA patents from the perspective of the Nobel Prize. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (3): 665-676 (in Chinese with English abstract).