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微生物-肠-肝轴免疫途径在代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病中的作用研究进展

袁顺灵^1,2, 黄元琦¹, 李闯涛¹, 许弟群^3,*

¹福建师范大学体育科学学院运动与健康福建省高校重点实验室，福州 350117；²福建师范大学生命科学学院福建省发育与神经生物学重点实验室，福州 350117；³闽南师范大学体育学院，漳州 363000

摘要

代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD)是一种广泛流行的慢性肝病，已对全球的公共卫生与医疗体系构成巨大挑战，但其发病机制尚未完全阐明。肠道微生物群在MASLD中发挥关键作用。肝脏炎症是该疾病发生和进展的核心因素，而肠道菌群可显著影响肝脏免疫系统及炎症反应。本文旨在综述促炎与抗炎肠道微生物如何通过微生物-肠-肝轴分别激活肝脏免疫或增强肝脏免疫保护，从而调控肝脏炎症。本综述希望为改善及治疗MASLD提供有价值的见解。

关键词： 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病; 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎; 肠-肝轴; 肠道微生物; 免疫

Research progress on the role of the microbiota-gut-liver axis immune pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

YUAN Shun-Ling^1,2, HUANG Yuan-Qi¹, LI Chuang-Tao¹, XU Di-Qun^3,*

¹Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China；²Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China；³School of Physical Education, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a widely prevalent chronic liver disease that presents significant challenges to public health and medical care worldwide, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in MASLD. Liver inflammation is a key factor in the onset and progression of this disease, and the gut microbiota significantly influences the liver's immune system and inflammatory responses. This article aims to review how both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gut microbes regulate liver inflammation by activating liver immunity and enhancing liver immune protection, respectively, through the microbiota-gut-liver axis. This review seeks to provide valuable insights for the improvement and treatment of MASLD.

Key words: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); gut-liver axis; gut microbiota; immunity

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：许弟群　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0075

引用本文：

袁顺灵, 黄元琦, 李闯涛, 许弟群. 微生物-肠-肝轴免疫途径在代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病中的作用研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (3): 579-591.

YUAN Shun-Ling, HUANG Yuan-Qi, LI Chuang-Tao, XU Di-Qun. Research progress on the role of the microbiota-gut-liver axis immune pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (3): 579-591 (in Chinese with English abstract).