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淋巴管引流功能检测方法的研究进展

赵佳蕙¹, 武烨^2,3, 王太炜¹, 刘慧荣^2,3, 刘溢思^1,*

¹首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069；²首都医科大学基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系，北京 100069；³首都医科大学老年缺血性心脏病基础临床联合实验室，北京 100069

摘要

淋巴管引流功能的评估对于理解淋巴系统在体液平衡、免疫监视及疾病进程中的作用至关重要。传统检测方法主要依靠示踪剂动态显影，如X线淋巴管造影、淋巴闪烁成像及磁共振淋巴造影等。然而，这些方法在侵入性、分辨率等方面存在不足。近年来，光学与纳米材料技术的进步推动了无创高精度检测手段的发展，如光声成像及光学相干断层扫描等，使淋巴流速、示踪剂清除率及功能异常的可视化和分析成为可能。此外，人工智能辅助分析、多模态成像及靶向纳米探针的应用显著提高了检测的精准性和临床可行性。本文系统综述了九种经典或新型的淋巴管引流功能检测技术的原理、特点、临床应用及临床前研究进展，探讨了各技术的优势与局限，并展望了未来发展趋势，以期为基础研究及临床实践提供参考。

关键词： 淋巴管; 淋巴管引流; 分子影像技术; 淋巴管造影; 检测方法

Advances in assessment methods of lymphatic drainage function

ZHAO Jia-Hui¹, WU Ye^2,3, WANG Tai-Wei¹, LIU Hui-Rong^2,3, LIU Yi-Si^1,*

¹School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China；²Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China；³Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

Abstract

The assessment of lymphatic drainage function is essential for understanding the role of the lymphatic system in fluid homeostasis, immunosurveillance and disease processes. Conventional methods of evaluation rely on dynamic visualization with tracers, such as X-ray lymphangiography, lymphoscintigraphy and magnetic resonance lymphangiography. However, these methods have limitations in terms of invasiveness and resolution, and other aspects. Recent advances in optical technologies and nanomaterials technology have enabled the development of noninvasive, high-precision testing methods, such as photoacoustic imaging and optical coherence tomography, which have made it possible to visualize and analyze lymphatic flow rates, tracer clearance rates and functional abnormalities. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence-assisted analysis, multimodal imaging, and targeted nanoprobes has significantly improved the precision and clinical applicability of these methods. In this article, we systematically review the principles, characteristics, clinical applications and preclinical research progress of nine classical or novel lymphatic drainage function testing techniques. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique and explore the future development trend, aiming to provide insights for basic research and clinical practice.

Key words: lymphatic vessels; lymphatic drainage; molecular imaging; lymphangiography; detection methods

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：刘溢思　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0113

引用本文：

赵佳蕙, 武烨, 王太炜, 刘慧荣, 刘溢思. 淋巴管引流功能检测方法的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (2): 342-352.

ZHAO Jia-Hui, WU Ye, WANG Tai-Wei, LIU Hui-Rong, LIU Yi-Si. Advances in assessment methods of lymphatic drainage function. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (2): 342-352 (in Chinese with English abstract).