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间充质干细胞在肿瘤治疗中的作用：朋友还是敌人？

周舒婷¹, 江剑平^2,*

¹福建师范大学生命科学学院，福州 350117；²福建省发育与神经生物学重点实验室，福州 350117

摘要

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)能黏附于塑料表面，表达CD73、CD90和CD105等特异性分化簇；在体外可分化为成骨、软骨或脂肪细胞；且不表达CD14、CD34、CD45、CD11b、CD19和HLA-DR等分子标记。MSCs在肿瘤治疗中扮演着复杂的角色，既是潜在的“盟友”，也是“敌人”。一方面，MSCs能够通过调节信号通路和免疫反应抑制肿瘤生长和转移，发挥抗肿瘤效应；另一方面，MSCs也可能增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭性、转移能力和血管生成，从而促进肿瘤发展。MSCs对肿瘤的影响取决于其自身特性、肿瘤微环境以及信号通路的激活或抑制。因此，在肿瘤治疗中，需综合考虑这些因素，通过优化MSCs的来源和特性、调控肿瘤微环境、调控信号通路等策略，将MSCs从潜在的“敌人”转化为“盟友”。本文综述了MSCs的特征、在肿瘤治疗中的双重作用及其机制，并提出“化敌为友”的思路和策略，以实现基于MSCs的肿瘤治疗的突破性进展，并安全有效地应用于临床治疗。

关键词： 间充质干细胞; 肿瘤治疗; 肿瘤微环境

The role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy: friend or foe?

ZHOU Shu-Ting¹, JIANG Jian-Ping^2,*

¹College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China；²Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, Fuzhou 350117, China

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can adhere to plastic surfaces and express specific differentiation markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105. They can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes in vitro and do not express markers like CD14, CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR. MSCs play a complex role in cancer therapy, acting as both a potential ally and an adversary. On one hand, MSCs can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by modulating signaling pathways and immune responses, exerting anti-tumor effects. On the other hand, they may enhance the invasiveness, metastatic ability, and angiogenesis of tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor progression. The impact of MSCs on tumors depends on their intrinsic properties, the tumor microenvironment, and the activation or inhibition of signaling pathways. Therefore, in cancer treatment, it is necessary to consider these factors comprehensively and optimize the application strategies of MSCs. This article reviews the characteristics of MSCs, their dual roles and mechanisms in cancer therapy, and proposes the idea and strategy of "turning enemies into friends" to achieve breakthroughs in MSC-based cancer treatments and to safely and effectively apply them in clinical practice.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells; tumor therapy; tumor microenvironment

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：江剑平　　E-mail:

DOI: 0.13294/j.aps.2025.0092

引用本文：

周舒婷, 江剑平. 间充质干细胞在肿瘤治疗中的作用：朋友还是敌人？[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (2): 306-314.

ZHOU Shu-Ting, JIANG Jian-Ping. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy: friend or foe?. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (2): 306-314 (in Chinese with English abstract).