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下丘脑介导睡眠-觉醒相关神经环路的研究进展

龙斌浩, 窦婷婷, 马翠, 魏玉婷, 马思睿, 严兴科^*

甘肃中医药大学针灸推拿学院，兰州 730101

摘要

下丘脑是调节生物体睡眠-觉醒模式的重要中枢，通过调控睡眠-觉醒相关神经环路维持日常活动与休息的平衡。本文总结了下丘脑介导的睡眠-觉醒相关神经环路的研究进展，发现激活下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑室旁核、乳头上核、下丘脑视前区及亚区和下丘脑背内侧核中不同类型神经元调控的神经环路可以诱导睡眠或觉醒的产生，同时探讨了传统睡眠-觉醒flip-flop模型的局限性，并对其进行补充和假设。下丘脑内部众多核团与其他脑区存在复杂的连接，共同构建起促进觉醒及维系睡眠的神经环路体系，精细调控机体睡眠-觉醒状态，为深入理解睡眠-觉醒的神经机制提供了重要的理论和依据。

关键词： 下丘脑; 睡眠-觉醒; 神经环路

Research progress of sleep-wake neural circuit mediated by hypothalamus

LONG Bin-Hao, DOU Ting-Ting, MA Cui, WEI Yu-Ting, MA Si-Rui, YAN Xing-Ke^*

Acumox and Tuina College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China

Abstract

The hypothalamus is a critical central hub for regulating sleep-wake patterns in organisms, maintaining the balance between daily activity and rest by modulating sleep-wake-related neural circuits. This article reviews research on hypothalamus-mediated neural circuits involved in sleep-wake regulation. Studies demonstrate that activating specific neuronal subtypes in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), supramammillary nucleus (SuM), preoptic area (POA) and its subregions, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) can induce sleep or wakefulness through distinct circuit mechanisms. At the same time, the limitations of the traditional sleep-wake flip-flop model are discussed, along with the supplements and hypotheses. Multiple hypothalamic nuclei form extensive connections with other brain regions, collectively establishing a sophisticated neural architecture that drives wakefulness and stabilizes sleep. This finely tuned regulatory system enables precise control of sleep-wake states, offering foundational insights into the neural mechanisms of sleep-wake transitions and informing potential therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders.

Key words: Hypothalamus; sleep-wake; neural circuits

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：严兴科　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2026.0023

引用本文：

龙斌浩, 窦婷婷, 马翠, 魏玉婷, 马思睿, 严兴科. 下丘脑介导睡眠-觉醒相关神经环路的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (2): 283-294.

LONG Bin-Hao, DOU Ting-Ting, MA Cui, WEI Yu-Ting, MA Si-Rui, YAN Xing-Ke. Research progress of sleep-wake neural circuit mediated by hypothalamus. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (2): 283-294 (in Chinese with English abstract).