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嘌呤能P2X受体在内脏痛中的调控及其机制研究进展

张浩波¹, 雷静^1,2, 尤浩军^1,2,*

¹延安大学感觉与运动疾病转化医学研究中心，延安 71600；²疼痛精准治疗与康复陕西省高等学校重点实验室，延安 716000

摘要

内脏痛(visceral pain, VP)是源于胸部、腹部、盆腔等区域的病理性痛。由于定位不清和持续时间较长，VP对患者的身心健康产生严重影响。与躯体痛不同，内脏感觉传导通路复杂且VP的致病因素多样化，导致VP的产生及神经调控机制尚不完全明确。近年来，嘌呤能P2X受体(P2X receptor, P2XR)在神经、心血管和免疫等多系统中均被证明有广泛表达，并被证明在疼痛感知和调控方面发挥重要作用。研究表明，异常的嘌呤能信号在VP的发生和发展中扮演重要角色，提示嘌呤能信号转导通路有望成为VP相关疾病的一个潜在的新型治疗靶点。本文就P2XR家族参与VP的相关调控机制研究进展作一综述，以期为VP的临床治疗提供新思路。

关键词： 内脏痛; 嘌呤能P2X受体; 痛觉过敏; 炎症

Advances in the study of the regulation and mechanism of purinergic P2X receptors in visceral pain

ZHANG Hao-Bo¹, LEI Jing^1,2, YOU Hao-Jun^1,2,*

¹Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China；²Key Laboratory of Pain Precision Treatment and Rehabilitation of Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Yan'an 716000, China

Abstract

Visceral pain (VP) refers to pathological pain originating from the thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic regions. Characterized by poor localization and prolonged duration, VP significantly impacts the physical and mental health of patients. Unlike somatic pain, the neural pathways involved in visceral sensation are complex and the pathogenic factors are diverse, leading to incomplete understanding of the production and neural regulation mechanism of VP. Recent studies have identified widespread expression of P2X receptors across multiple systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems, and have demonstrated their important role in pain perception and modulation. Evidence suggests that aberrant purinergic signaling plays a critical role in the development and progression of VP, indicating that purinergic signal transduction has emerged as a potential novel therapeutic target for VP-related disorders. This review summarizes current advances in the regulatory mechanisms mediated by the P2X receptor family in VP, aiming to provide new insights for clinical management of VP.

Key words: Visceral pain; purinergic P2X receptor; hyperalgesia; inflammation

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：尤浩军　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2026.0014

引用本文：

张浩波, 雷静, 尤浩军. 嘌呤能P2X受体在内脏痛中的调控及其机制研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2026; 78 (1): 123-134.

ZHANG Hao-Bo, LEI Jing, YOU Hao-Jun. Advances in the study of the regulation and mechanism of purinergic P2X receptors in visceral pain. Acta Physiol Sin 2026; 78 (1): 123-134 (in Chinese with English abstract).