当期文章

运动对2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞身份可塑性调控的研究进展

姚科, 贾楠楠, 褚航, 孙婧瑜^*

同济大学运动与健康研究中心，上海 200092

摘要

胰岛β细胞身份的丢失被认为是糖尿病胰岛素分泌受损的主要因素之一。胰岛β细胞身份可塑性及相关因子的调控机制引起了人们的关注，通过相关因子诱导内源性胰岛β 细胞属性转换可能成为2 型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)治疗的新策略。运动对胰岛β细胞调控的研究多集中于改善胰岛形态、促进胰岛β 细胞增殖等方面，但对于运动恢复T2DM环境下胰岛β 细胞属性的可能机制尚缺少系统性的梳理。本文综述了胰岛β 细胞身份可塑性在T2DM发生、发展及治疗中的重要意义，并以转录因子、运动因子为切入点，探讨了运动调控胰岛β 细胞身份可塑性的作用途径。未来的研究需要探讨在不同运动情境下如何通过运动因子的分泌精准调控胰岛β 细胞特异性转录因子的表达，从而进一步解析运动对胰岛β 细胞身份可塑性的响应机制，以期为糖尿病的运动干预提供新的治疗靶点和研究思路。

关键词： 2型糖尿病; 运动; 胰岛β细胞; 去分化; 转分化

Advances in the regulation of pancreatic islet β-cell identity plasticity by exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus

YAO Ke, JIA Nan-Nan, CHU Hang, SUN Jing-Yu^*

Sports and Health Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Abstract

Loss of pancreatic islet β-cell identity is considered to be one of the major factors for impaired insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic islet β-cell identity plasticity and the regulatory mechanisms of related factors have attracted attention, and endogenous pancreatic islet β-cell property switching induced by related factors may become a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies on the regulation of pancreatic islet β-cells by exercise have mostly focused on improving islet morphology and promoting islet β-cell proliferation, and there is a lack of systematic exploration of the possible mechanisms by which exercise restores the properties of pancreatic islet β-cells in the setting of T2DM. This article reviewed the importance of pancreatic islet β- cell plasticity in the occurrence, progression and treatment of T2DM. From the perspectives of transcription factors and exerkines, the article further explored the pathways through which exercise regulated the pancreatic islet β-cell identity plasticity. Future studies need to explore how the secretion of exerkines precisely regulates the expression of pancreatic islet β-cell-specific transcription factors under different exercise scenarios, so as to further analyze the response mechanism of exercise to pancreatic islet β-cell identity plasticity, with a view to providing new therapeutic targets and research ideas for exercise intervention in diabetes mellitus.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus; exercise; pancreatic islet β-cells; de-differentiation; trans-differentiation

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：孙婧瑜　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0099

引用本文：

姚科, 贾楠楠, 褚航, 孙婧瑜. 运动对2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞身份可塑性调控的研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (6): 1086-1100.

YAO Ke, JIA Nan-Nan, CHU Hang, SUN Jing-Yu. Advances in the regulation of pancreatic islet β-cell identity plasticity by exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (6): 1086-1100 (in Chinese with English abstract).