当期文章

心血管疾病的中枢调控机制研究进展

田华^1,2, 高红丽², 付丽艳², 于晓静², 康玉明^2,*

¹陕西中医药大学基础医学院，西安 712046；²西安交通大学基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系，西安 710061

摘要

心血管中枢广泛分布于从脊髓到大脑皮层的各个水平，其通过多种神经递质调控自主神经系统活动，进而调节心血管功能。近年来的研究表明，中枢调控在心血管疾病的发生和发展中具有重要作用。其中，下丘脑室旁核是维持心血管活动的关键中枢结构，它可直接支配交感神经节前神经元，参与外周交感神经活动的调节。同时，室旁核中的炎性细胞因子、活性氧簇、肾素-血管紧张素系统、神经递质及核因子κB等物质，均被证实参与了心血管疾病的发生和发展过程。不过，目前对于室旁核中这些物质的激活机制、相互作用关系，以及它们如何具体调控心血管活动等问题，尚未形成明确认知。因此，深入探明心血管疾病的中枢调控机制，将有助于完善心血管疾病的发病机制研究。

关键词： 心血管疾病; 中枢调控; 自主神经系统; 下丘脑室旁核

Research progress on brain regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases

TIAN Hua^1,2, GAO Hong-Li², FU Li-Yan², YU Xiao-Jing², KANG Yu-Ming^2,*

¹School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China；²Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China

Abstract

The cardiovascular center is widely distributed at all levels from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. It regulates the activity of the autonomic nervous system through various neurotransmitters, thereby further modulating cardiovascular functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that central regulation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Among them, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is a key structure for maintaining cardiovascular activities, as it directly innervates sympathetic preganglionic neurons and participates in the regulation of peripheral sympathetic nerve activity. In addition, substances such as proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, the renin-angiotensin system, neurotransmitters, and nuclear factor κB in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus have all been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the activation mechanisms of these substances in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, their interactions, and the specific ways in which they regulate cardiovascular activities remain unclear. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the brain regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases will help improve the research on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

Key words: cardiovascular diseases; brain regulation; autonomic nervous system; hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：康玉明　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0090

引用本文：

田华, 高红丽, 付丽艳, 于晓静, 康玉明. 心血管疾病的中枢调控机制研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (6): 1001-1008.

TIAN Hua, GAO Hong-Li, FU Li-Yan, YU Xiao-Jing, KANG Yu-Ming. Research progress on brain regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (6): 1001-1008 (in Chinese with English abstract).