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常见肺疾病气道黏液高分泌特征和调控机制

林泽强¹, 庞诗漫², 朱思源², 何丽霞¹, 孔维国¹, 卢文菊^1,2, 张子丽^1,2,*

¹广州医科大学附属第一医院，国家呼吸医学中心，国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心，呼吸疾病全国重点实验室，广州呼吸健康研究院，广州 510180；²广州医科大学，广州 510180

摘要

正常人体的气道黏液是覆盖在呼吸道表面的稀薄液体层，由黏蛋白、多种抗菌蛋白、代谢物质、水及电解质组成的复杂混合物。黏液在肺部固有免疫中起重要作用，能维持气道湿润性并捕获空气中的微粒和病原体。然而，气道黏液的高分泌会降低纤毛清除率，阻塞呼吸道，增加病原体定植和反复感染的风险。深入探究气道黏液过度分泌的机制，为未来开发旨在减少黏液分泌的靶向药物提供理论基础，显得尤为重要。在不同肺疾病中，气道黏液高分泌具有不同的特征和调控机制，均与黏蛋白存在密切关联。本文旨在综述几种常见肺疾病的气道黏液高分泌特征和调控机制，以期为相关研究和临床治疗提供参考。

关键词： 气道黏液; 黏蛋白; 新型冠状病毒肺炎; 慢性阻塞性肺疾病; 哮喘

Common characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of airway mucus hypersecretion in lung disease

LIN Ze-Qiang¹, PANG Shi-Man², ZHU Si-Yuan², HE Li-Xia¹, KONG Wei-Guo¹, LU Wen-Ju^1,2, ZHANG Zi-Li^1,2,*

¹The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510180, China；²Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China

Abstract

In a healthy human, the airway mucus forms a thin, protective liquid layer covering the surface of the respiratory tract. It comprises a complex blend of mucin, multiple antibacterial proteins, metabolic substances, water, and electrolytes. This mucus plays a pivotal role in the lungs' innate immune system by maintaining airway hydration and capturing airborne particles and pathogens. However, heightened mucus secretion in the airway can compromise ciliary clearance, obstruct the respiratory tract, and increase the risk of pathogen colonization and recurrent infections. Consequently, a thorough exploration of the mechanisms driving excessive airway mucus secretion is crucial for establishing a theoretical foundation for the eventual development of targeted drugs designed to reduce mucus production. Across a range of lung diseases, excessive airway mucus secretion manifests with unique characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, all intricately linked to mucin. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms associated with excessive airway mucus secretion in several prevalent lung diseases.

Key words: airway mucus; mucin; corona virus disease 2019; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：张子丽　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0056

引用本文：

林泽强, 庞诗漫, 朱思源, 何丽霞, 孔维国, 卢文菊, 张子丽. 常见肺疾病气道黏液高分泌特征和调控机制[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (5): 989-1000.

LIN Ze-Qiang, PANG Shi-Man, ZHU Si-Yuan, HE Li-Xia, KONG Wei-Guo, LU Wen-Ju, ZHANG Zi-Li. Common characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of airway mucus hypersecretion in lung disease. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (5): 989-1000 (in Chinese with English abstract).