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细胞外囊泡在骨骼肌质膜损伤修复中的作用研究进展

刘宜隆^1,2, 吴迎^1,2,*

¹北京体育大学运动人体科学学院，北京 100084；²国家体育总局运动应激适应重点实验室，北京 100084

摘要

骨骼肌损伤后，肌细胞质膜及时、高效的修复对维持细胞功能和组织完整性至关重要，细胞外囊泡(extracellularvesicles, EVs)通过多层次机制在其中发挥了关键作用。本文系统综述了EVs的生成、分泌及其在骨骼肌质膜损伤修复中的多重功能：(1) 通过内吞和胞吐作用清除受损膜片段和细胞碎片，维持质膜的稳定性；(2) 与受损骨骼肌质膜融合，提供膜修复所需的关键成分，重建膜的完整性；(3) 作为细胞间通讯的重要介质，传递修复信号、促进细胞间通讯并协调修复过程的多层次响应，促进组织再生与功能恢复。此外，本文还探讨了EVs在骨骼肌损伤与疾病治疗中的潜在应用价值，旨在为该领域的深入研究和基于EVs的治疗策略提供理论支持和新思路。

关键词： 细胞外囊泡; 骨骼肌; 质膜修复

Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in the repair of skeletal muscle membrane injury

LIU Yi-Long^1,2, WU Ying^1,2,*

¹School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China；²Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100084, China

Abstract

The timely and efficient repair of the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle cells following injury is critical for maintaining cellular function and tissue integrity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in this process through multi-level mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the generation, secretion, and multifunctional roles of EVs in the repair of skeletal muscle plasma membrane damage: (1) removing damaged membrane fragments and cellular debris via endocytosis and exocytosis to maintain plasma membrane stability; (2) fusing with the injured plasma membrane to supply essential components for membrane repair and restore membrane integrity; and (3) serving as a vital mediator of intercellular communication, transmitting repair signals, promoting intercellular interactions, and orchestrating multi-level responses to facilitate tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Additionally, this article explores the potential applications of EVs in the treatment of exercise-induced injuries and muscular diseases, aiming to provide theoretical insights and novel strategies for future research and EV-based therapeutic approaches.

Key words: extracellular vesicles; skeletal muscle; plasma membrane repair

收稿日期：　　录用日期：

通讯作者：吴迎　　E-mail:

DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2025.0005

引用本文：

刘宜隆, 吴迎. 细胞外囊泡在骨骼肌质膜损伤修复中的作用研究进展[J]. 生理学报 2025; 77 (5): 956-968.

LIU Yi-Long, WU Ying. Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in the repair of skeletal muscle membrane injury. Acta Physiol Sin 2025; 77 (5): 956-968 (in Chinese with English abstract).